One Year Evaluation of the Administration of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno in Jakarta

Jakarta has always been the center of attention in Indonesia both in the social, economic, political and public policy fields. Its role is very vital as fuel for the sustainability of this nation. There are also many actors who make Jakarta a target for their interests. The tug-of-war of interests that occurred in Jakarta often gave rise to various anomalies. On the other hand, the aspect of sustainability should also be taken into account to create more optimal development achievements. This is because there are several problems that do not only require a solution within one to five years, even tens of years, such as dealing with floods, slum settlements, waste management, transportation, pollution and so on.

Entering the change of leadership regime following the 2017 Regional Head Elections (Pilkada) in Jakarta, several signs of anomaly emerged, particularly regarding the style of public policies adopted by Anies Baswedan compared to those adopted by Joko Widodo and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. Moreover, the strong aroma of contestation for the 2019 Presidential Election has been felt since the 2017 Pilkada in Jakarta. Until one year after the leadership of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno in Jakarta, political elements were still very strong in influencing various decision-making and policies taken.

Even Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno made their 23 political campaign promises in the 2017 Pilkada in Jakarta as the basis for the formation of the Jakarta Provincial Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) for 2017-2022, which was then abstracted into the Panca Main Efforts. A phenomenon that only occurred in Jakarta during Anies' leadership, who based the preparation of the RPJMD on the numerous political campaign promises. In fact, in planning regional development there are several planning analysis techniques that are important to apply in order to see the competitive and comparative advantages they have. So that optimal development acceleration can be created to achieve micro and macro targets. Such as Location Quotient analysis, Dynamic Location Quotient analysis, Shift Share analysis, Klassen Typology, and so on.

Comparing the DKI Jakarta RPJMD documents for 2013-2017 during the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) – Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (BTP) administration, there was no use of campaign promises as a basis for development planning. From the planning documents prepared, it is clear that there are striking differences or anomalies from the change of leadership regime in Jakarta. The anomaly that occurred in the change of leadership regime in Jakarta can also be seen in terms of the rationality and incrementality of public policies taken by Governors Anies Baswedan and Joko Widodo or Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. This paper will focus more on the discussion of the one-year administration of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno in Jakarta from the point of view of the policies adopted, the anomalies that have emerged, and the political rationality in each policy issued. However, before discussing some of these matters, this article will review the perceptions of the people of DKI Jakarta on the performance of Anies Baswedan - Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno as Governor and Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta in the first year of his administration.

Graph 1. The condition of Jakarta in the first year of the government of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno (%)

The Populi Center as a public opinion and policy research institute conducted a survey regarding the one year administration of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno in DKI Jakarta. The survey conducted by the Populi Center can be an initial illustration to uncover how the anomalous processes that occur in public policy practices in Jakarta in the administration of Anes Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, resulting in public perception as captured in the results of the Populi Center survey. A survey conducted by the Populi Center shows that in the one year leadership period of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, 73.2 percent of DKI Jakarta residents stated that there was progress in Jakarta, with 31.67 percent of the population stating a lot of progress, and 41.50 percent said there was little progress. On the other hand, there are only 21.5 percent of the population who think that there has been no progress in Jakarta and only 2.0 percent of the population have stated that there have been many setbacks in the past year (see Graph 1).

Graph 2. Satisfaction with the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government in the first period of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno's leadership (%)Source: Populi Center

A survey conducted by the Populi Center also showed that the satisfaction rate for the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government in the first 1 (one) year of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno's leadership was relatively high, reaching 69.8 percent, with 58.9 percent of Jakarta residents expressing satisfaction with the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government and 10.9 percent stated that they were very satisfied (see Graph 2). Meanwhile, 26.9 percent expressed dissatisfaction and only 1.0 percent of Jakarta residents stated that they were very dissatisfied. The community's assessment of the performance of the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta is of a general nature.

Graph 3. Assessment of Anies Baswedan's performance as Governor of DKI Jakarta in the first year of his leadership period (%)

This survey also assessed the personal performance of both Governor Anies Baswedan and Deputy Governor Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno. Regarding the Governor's performance, most of the people of Jakarta considered Anies Baswedan's performance as Governor of DKI Jakarta good, the percentage reached 69.8 while 9.8 percent of the public considered it very good (79.7 percent in total). Only around 15.8 percent of the public rated Anies Baswedan's performance as bad, and the percentage that rated it very bad was no more than 1 percent of the population of DKI Jakarta. While the rest (3., percent), answered they did not know or did not answer (see Graph 3). The percentage of people's performance evaluations on the Governor's performance tends to be high considering that almost 80.0 percent of the people of Jakarta give good and very good ratings.

Graph 4. Assessment of the performance of Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno as Governor of DKI Jakarta in the first year of his leadership period (%)

Furthermore, the Jakarta community's assessment of Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno's leadership as Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta is also fairly good (see Graph 4). The Populi Center survey showed that 63.8 percent of Jakartans rated Sandi's performance as good and 8.3 percent of Jakartans rated it very good (72.2 percent in total). Meanwhile, on the other hand, there were 17.2 percent of Jakarta residents who rated their performance as bad and 2.8 percent considered it very bad. When the two figures of Governor and Deputy Governor are juxtaposed, the results of the Populi Center survey show that the people of Jakarta are more satisfied with the performance of Governor Anies Baswedan compared to the performance of Deputy Governor Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno. This condition could also be influenced by Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno's decision to resign as Deputy Governor of Jakarta to contest as a Candidate for Vice President of Indonesia to accompany Prabowo Subianto in the 2019 Presidential Election, when he had served less than one year as Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta.

Graph 5. Anies Baswedan's Leadership Value as the Governor of DKI Jakarta in the first year of his term of office (%)

The survey conducted by the Populi Center also asked the people of DKI Jakarta about the evaluation on a scale of 1 (one) to 10 (ten) regarding the performance of the Governor and Deputy Governor of Jakarta. The survey results show that the public's assessment of Anies Baswedan's leadership on a value scale is also fairly high. Some 81.3 percent of the people of Jakarta gave ratings ranging from 6 (six) to 10 (ten) on Anes Baswedan's leadership, while 16.8 percent of the public gave scores ranging from 1 (one) to 5 (five) (see Graph 5). The value of 7 (seven) is the number that is most often given by the community with a percentage of 28.5 percent. For a score of 5 (five) only around 10.2 percent of the public gave an assessment of Anies' performance. In a survey conducted by the Populi Center, the average public assessment of Anies Baswedan's leadership, if processed further, is 7.07 with the median at 7.

Graph 6. Sandiaga Uno's Leadership Value as Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta in the first year of his term of office (%)

So is the case with Sandiaga Uno's leadership as Deputy Governor of Jakarta, most people give quite high marks. A total of 78.5 percent of Jakarta residents gave scores ranging from 6 (six) to 10 (ten) for Sandiaga Uno's leadership performance, whereas only around 21.3 percent gave scores ranging from 1 (one) to 5 (five) (see Graph 6). Based on further calculations and data analysis regarding the average of the Populi Center survey results, Sandiaga Uno's leadership rating is at 6.89 with the median at 7.

The Populi Center survey also assessed the quality of public services carried out by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta led by Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno in their first year managing Jakarta. There are 17 (seventeen) areas of public service assessed in the survey. From the survey conducted, all areas of public service assessed in the first year of Anies-Sandi's leadership period received better and much better ratings, amounting to more than 60.0 percent of the people of Jakarta (see Table 1). Health is the sector that is rated the highest quality with details of 11.5 percent of the people stating it is much better, 76.0 percent stating it is better, and only 9 percent assessing it as worse/much worse.

Table 1. Quality of DKI Jakarta Provincial Government Public Services in the First Year of Anies – Sandi Leads (%)

The top five public service sectors that received the highest ratings included, 1) the health sector; 2) public transportation sector; 3) one-door integrated licensing sector; 4) public road facilities and infrastructure; and 5) economy (sorted by percentage of better ratings). Meanwhile, the five public service sectors that received the lowest rating consisted of, 1) infrastructure development; 2) field of employment provision; 3) the field of eradicating corruption; 4) congestion handling sector; and 5) the field of bureaucratic reform (sorted from the percentage of better ratings). The field of infrastructure development received a bad rating from 14.2 percent of Jakarta residents, the field of providing employment received a bad rating from 20.2 percent of the people of Jakarta, then the field of eradicating corruption received a bad rating of 16.5 percent from the public. As for the congestion management sector and the infrastructure development sector, 27.2 percent and 28.2 percent of Jakarta's population respectively received bad ratings.

Table 2. The Level of Satisfaction of the Jakarta Community with the Public Service Sector of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the First Year Anies – Sandi Leads (%)

Regarding the level of satisfaction of the Jakarta people in 17 (seventeen) areas of public service, the results of the Populi Center survey show that 50.0 percent of the people rate them as satisfied and very satisfied. In terms of community evaluation, the leadership of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno was classified as successful in satisfying the majority of Jakarta residents in the first year of their administration (see Table 2). The five fields with the highest level of community satisfaction include, 1) the field of eradicating corruption (73.7 percent); 2) one-door integrated licensing sector (69.8 percent); 3) health sector (69.7 percent); 4) public transportation sector (69.3 percent); and 5) pollution and waste control sector (68.8 percent) (sorted from the percentage of satisfied ratings).

Meanwhile, the five fields with the lowest level of satisfaction consisted of, 1) infrastructure development (58.8 percent); 2) employment provision sector (57.3 percent); 3) city cleanliness/waste disposal sector (54.7 percent); 4) the field of bureaucratic reform/organization of the bureaucracy (50.5 percent); and 5) congestion handling sector (49.8 percent) if sorted based on the percentage of satisfied ratings. Based on the percentage of dissatisfied ratings, the infrastructure development sector received dissatisfied ratings from 17.7 percent of the people of Jakarta, while the provision of employment received 26.3 percent. Meanwhile, in the area of city cleanliness/waste management, 23.7 percent of Jakarta residents are dissatisfied. In the field of bureaucratic reform and congestion management, the level of dissatisfaction from the people of Jakarta received respectively 32.7 percent and 31.2 percent.

From the results of the assessment of the quality and satisfaction of the community with the DKI Jakarta Provincial government's public services in the first year of Anies - Sandi's leadership period, 4 (four) areas were consistent as the areas that received the lowest ratings (see Table 1 and Table 2), in terms of quality service and level of community satisfaction, namely, 1) infrastructure development sector; 2) field of employment provision; 3) congestion handling sector; and 4) the field of bureaucratic reform/organization of the bureaucracy.

Table 3. The Level of Satisfaction of the Jakarta Community with the Work Program of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the First Year of Anies – Sandi Lead (%)

In addition to looking at the quality of public services, a survey conducted by the Populi Center also assessed the satisfaction level of the Jakarta people with the work programs carried out by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the first year of Anies - Sandi's leadership. There are a total of 20 (twenty) work programs detailed in the public service sector in a survey conducted by the Populi Center (see Table 3). Village office service work program (69.8 percent); handling floods (69.5 percent); normalization of rivers/rivers (68.0 percent); integrated transportation (OK Trip) (67.0 percent); and Bureaucratic reform (promotions, bids for positions, mutations of officials, etc.) (66.7 percent) are work programs that get high satisfaction scores from the people of Jakarta (sorted by the percentage of satisfied ratings).

Meanwhile, when the data was processed further, from the percentage of people who were dissatisfied with Anies – Sandi's work program in his first year as head of Jakarta, the MSME support work program (OK Oce) had the highest dissatisfaction rate reaching 26.2 percent (see Table 3). . Then followed by controlling the price of basic commodities (21.8 percent); construction of flats/rusunawa (20.2 percent); arrangement of drainage (water channels, gutters, etc.) (18.8 percent); and waste handling (18.5 percent).

Graph 7. The Most Beneficial Program According to the People of DKI Jakarta (%)

From the results of the satisfaction assessment of the DKI Jakarta Provincial government's work program, the Populi Center Survey also explores the most beneficial work programs for the lives of the people of Jakarta. The survey results show that in terms of its usefulness, the KJP Plus work program is the most beneficial program according to 45.3 percent of Jakarta residents. This was followed by the UMKM improvement program (OK Oce) with 34.5 percent, then the 0 rupiah DP housing development program (10.5 percent) and KJS Plus (7.8 percent) (see Graph 7). From these results, it can be seen that the programs left behind by the previous governor, such as the KJP Plus and KJS Plus programs which were replicated with editorial plus additions, are still programs that the people of DKI Jakarta find useful. Meanwhile, according to the people of DKI Jakarta, the original program from Anies – Sandi was the MSME improvement program (OK Oce) and the housing development program with a 0 rupiah down payment. These results can also reflect people's expectations for the two original Anies-Sandi programs to be realized optimally as long as Anies-Sandi leads Jakarta.

Graph 8. According to the People of DKI Jakarta, the Program Has the Least Benefit (%)

Meanwhile, based on the DKI Jakarta Provincial government's work program, the benefits that were least felt included, the construction of a 0 Rupiah down payment house with a percentage reaching 29.3 percent, followed by KJP Plus (12.3 percent); KJS Plus (9.3 percent); eradicating corruption (8.5 percent); and an increase in MSMEs (OK Oce) of 7.2 percent (see Graph 8). While other programs such as the construction of flats/rusunawa; stop reclamation of Jakarta bay; flood mitigation; environmental Hygiene; transportation services (OK Trip); one-door integrated licensing; and ease of government bureaucracy were classified as programs that received the lowest response, each below 5.0 percent.

Table 4. Level of Satisfaction of the Jakarta Community with Public Facilities in DKI Jakarta Province under the leadership of Anies – Sandi in the First Year of His Administration (%)

Regarding public facilities in DKI Jakarta Province, there are 14 (fourteen) items assessed in the Populi Center survey (see Table 4). From the community's satisfaction with existing public facilities, there were five facilities that received the highest satisfaction rating in the survey. First, the inner-city transportation terminal (69.0 percent); second, trans Jakarta (68.8 percent); third, pedestrian bridges (67.2 percent); fourth, city parks (67.0 percent); and fifth, public street lighting (66.8 percent). Then seen from the highest five dissatisfaction rates, including, first, the provision of public parking lots (28.2 percent); second, houses with 0 rupiah down payment (24.7 percent); third, availability of trash cans (19.2 percent); fourth, the construction of low-cost housing (18.5 percent); and fifth, sidewalks are disabled friendly (18.0 percent).

Graph 9. Things that Most Need to Get Handling by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government According to the DKI Jakarta Community (%)

Even though the Jakarta Smart Card (KJP) Plus and Jakarta Healthy Card (KJS) Plus programs are programs that are considered the most beneficial (see Graph 7), the people of Jakarta, in a survey conducted by the Populi Center, think that the cost of basic education (SD/SMP) and medical/health costs are included in the three things that most need to get treatment with respectively 15.8 percent and 15.2 percent. The percentage is below the issue of the number of unemployed which is the thing that needs to be handled the most by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta with the percentage reaching 20.5 percent (see Graph 9). These results are quite interesting and need to be studied further, because even though they are felt to be the most useful, the bias in implementing the KJP Plus and KJS Plus policies is still accompanied by various problems. Furthermore, there are problems of congestion and high prices of basic commodities, each of which gets the attention of 13.7 percent and 13.0 percent of the people of Jakarta.

Graph 10. The Most Important Policies of the Previous Governor to be Maintained According to the People of DKI Jakarta (%)

Another interesting thing that was found in the survey conducted by the Populi Center is regarding the policies of the Governor before Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno that should be defended (policy of Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama). There are five policies that receive the attention of more than 10.0 percent of the people of Jakarta, including, 1) the direct complaint policy through the city hall (26.5 percent); 2) slum settlement policy (14.0 percent); 3) normalization of rivers/rivers (11.5 percent); 4) complaint application (QLUE) (11.0 percent; and 5) child-friendly integrated public space (RPTRA) with a percentage of 10.7 percent (see Graph 10). This condition also illustrates that the people of Jakarta perceive that there are a number of things that are actually still needed by the community from the previous Governor's policy but were not continued by the Anies-Sandi administration.

Table 5. Community Assessment of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno's (%) Campaign Promises

Regarding the campaign promises of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, who numbered 23 (twenty three), the results of the Populi Center survey stated that no more than 32.0 percent of the people of Jakarta actually considered the campaign promises to have been implemented properly. This also takes into account that the Anies-Sandi administration is still running for one year. Meanwhile, on average around 50.0 percent of the people of Jakarta think that Anies – Sandi's campaign promises still need to be improved (see Table 5).

The results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center, as previously stated, are an overview of how the people of Jakarta evaluate the quality of programs, public facilities, policies, campaign promises, and the performance of the Governor and Deputy Governor of Jakarta in the first year of their tenure in Jakarta. In general, there were no significant red notes when referring to the results of the survey, due to the relatively high level of community satisfaction. Even so, there are actually many interesting things that can be studied further, especially regarding the anomaly in the pattern of public policy in Jakarta when Basuki Tjahaja Purnama led and was replaced by Anies Baswedan and its relation to the high level of satisfaction of the Jakarta people towards Anies' leadership.

Considering that the survey conducted by the Populi Center was conducted on October 17-27 2018 or one month after taking the serial number of the Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates for the 2019 General Election (Pemilu). So the Populi Center survey regarding Jakarta has entered a campaign period and has the potential to there has been a hardening of the support base in Jakarta for the benefit of the 2019 Election. Which in the 2017 DKI Jakarta Pilkada, the BTP - Djarot pair was supported by the faction that currently carries Jokowi - Ma'ruf and Anies - Sandi which at that time were supported by political parties that were currently this supports Prabowo – Sandi in the 2019 Election. Moreover, the fierce contestation of the Jakarta Pilkada in 2017 is thick with campaign models that exploit the emotional side of DKI Jakarta residents rather than building citizen rationality regarding an ideal leader who can solve public problems through public policies comprehensively rational. This condition is the basis for why, with the various controversies over the policies issued by Governor Anies Baswedan, most of the people of Jakarta are still satisfied with the policies issued and continue to give a positive response to the performance of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno. Another thing that needs to be understood is that the people of DKI Jakarta are still in their honeymoon period in the first year of Anies-Sandi's administration, so they still consider whatever is done by the governor of their choice as a good thing and consider it too early to judge some things that have not actually worked out. optimal.

Rational vs Incremental

As a quantitative study, it is interesting to see the results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center, which has been described in detail before. Given that so far the conditions that have occurred in Jakarta have always been accompanied by many controversies and pros and cons from various parties. Like when the results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center are compared with the results of other studies.

The Populi Center in the one-year government survey of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno in Jakarta also collaborated with Binus University to juxtapose quantitative field-based surveys using the multistage random sampling method with quantitative and qualitative research based on social media, namely Twitter and Facebook to see the trend of related netizens policies in Jakarta. Binus University's research is based on accounts used by Anies Baswedan (@aniesbaswedan) and DKI Jakarta Provincial Government (@DKIJakarta).

In research using qualitative methods, Binus University tries to observe the sentiments or comments of people on social media that are addressed to Facebook accounts owned by Anies Baswedan and the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta. Some of the observed policies are regarding; 1) House DP 0 Rupiah; 2) Tanah Abang; 3) River and Surrounding Environment; 4) Kalijodo; 5) KJP Plus; 6) Employment; and 7) Transjakarta and other public transportation. Of the seven things that were tried to be assessed through qualitative methods, five things were concerning, 0 Rupiah DP Houses; Tanah Abang; River and Surrounding Environment; Kalijodo; and KJP Plus is a subject that gets a lot of negative sentiment than positive sentiment from netizens according to research conducted by Binus University. As for the issue of employment, the existing sentiment tends to be neutral. Then for the Transjakarta and other public transportation issues, positive sentiment was received. Furthermore, from the quantitative research method using Twitter by searching and determining keywords or hashtags via Twitter, findings were found that were very different from the research conducted by Binus University and the results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center.

Graph 11. Sentiment Data of Jakarta Citizens on Various Problems in Jakarta Without a Filter for Netizen Locations (%)

The data shown in Graph 11 shows that practically only issues of public transportation, parks moving forward together, and the quality of SMKs get positive sentiment from more than 50.0 percent of netizens. While other aspects regarding the brawl; thugs; Tanah Abang; times items; House DP 0 Rupiah; environmental rehabilitation and maintenance; row village and flat village; protection of women and children; and the price of basic necessities, each of which received negative sentiment from more than 50.0 percent of netizens. Then for the OK Ocean program and the reclamation of the Jakarta bay, netizens' responses tend to be more neutral. From research conducted by Binus University, the Tanah Abang issue was the policy that received the most negative response from netizens, reaching more than 95.0 percent. The results of this study are very much different from what happened in the survey conducted by the Populi Center, there are anomalies that appear in it.

As a note, the data in Graph 11 is data that has not been filtered by location. So it is a response to all netizens from various locations regarding conditions in Jakarta related to 15 (fifteen) issues. Meanwhile, the data in Graph 12 is filtered data and represents data based on netizens located in DKI Jakarta when commenting on social media (twitter). The trend of data from before and after the location filter shows no significant difference. Except for the problems of Kampung Deret and Kampung Susun, which are based on location filters, more than 85.0 percent of Jakarta netizens give negative sentiments through their tweets on Twitter.

Graph 12. Sentiment Data of Jakarta Citizens on Various Problems in Jakarta with Filter Locations of Special Netizens in DKI Jakarta (%)

Research conducted by Binus University concluded that in general through social media analysis, public sentiment towards the 1 year performance of the Governor of DKI Jakarta tends to be negative. Accounts were also found praising and proud of the Governor of DKI Jakarta, but most of them did not mention the reasons for the proud and praising responses conveyed via social media. These accounts also often attack other accounts that want to criticize and want to submit complaints to the Governor of DKI Jakarta even though the account that criticizes is not from a camp that is politically opposite or opposite representation.

The different results of research conducted by the Populi Center and Binus University are a manifestation of an anomaly in Jakarta society. Alexander AS Gunawan, Lecturer in Information Technology at Binus University (2018), argues that this anomaly phenomenon occurs due to issues of identity burden, he said that in cyberspace, netizens are not burdened by the identity attached to them, all netizens in cyberspace are equal and therefore they tend to be free in expression without fear or being burdened with the identity attached to them. This is different from real world residents, when face-to-face interviews are carried out, they are often burdened with their own identity, so they tend to give safe answers to the identity attached to them. For example, when an RT head or kelurahan official is being interviewed, they will tend to give answers that do not threaten their position, even though the data or answers submitted are guaranteed to be confidential. Moreover, Anies – Sandi's first year of government in Jakarta is still in the honeymoon period, so the support base still has high hopes and optimism for the candidate he is promoting.

Judging from the results of the two different institutions related to Jakarta, it can also show that there is a problem between the rationality and emotionality of citizens in Jakarta. There is a phenomenon that tries to emphasize the emotional side of the rational side. In Jakarta, this phenomenon began with the victory of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno against the incumbents Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (BTP) and Djarot Saiful Hidayat, whose performance levels were high. Then it was marked by the problem of exploiting the emotionality of Jakarta residents regarding the issue of SARA which accompanied the 2017 Jakarta Pilkada. Exploitation of public emotionality also occurred in the case of Donald Trump's victory and the strengthening of the Brexit wave in Great Britain, which was unexpected before. This phenomenon is not uncommon for a science called neuroscience, which is a field of science that examines the nervous system, specifically the human brain and mind. The human brain has a tendency to be more responsive to things that prioritize emotion rather than rational reason. It was this condition that several parties tried to take advantage of in the 2017 Jakarta Pilkada battle.

The discussion on anomalies related to rationality and incrementalism will be interesting when in the campaign strategy both in the preparation of political promises Anies Baswedan - Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno seeks to explore the emotional side of Jakarta residents. Then, after being elected to lead Jakarta from 2017-2022, this political promise fully became the basis for preparing the DKI Jakarta RPJMD for 2017-2022, so that the aspect of rationality was not only left out in the contestation phase, but also penetrated into the basic aspects of preparing public policies in Jakarta until 2022. Then these conditions also had an impact on public perception of the policies compiled by Anies - Sandi for one year leading Jakarta.

To review more deeply the results of a survey issued by the Populi Center, it is necessary to look at the distribution of respondents' data by education level, type of work, monthly expenditure level, and ethnic background. So it can be seen how Jakarta's voice is represented in the Populi Center survey. Is it a representation of a society with a high level of rationality, high emotionality, or a balanced composition between rational and emotional. This is also to find a common thread from the policy steps and strategies undertaken by Anies – Sandi whether they are indeed in accordance with the typical Jakarta people as reflected in the Populi Center Survey as an emotional society or whether the Jakarta people are a rational society.

Graph 13. Distribution of Respondents by Education Level regarding Jakarta (%)

Most of the respondents in the Populi Center survey were people with high school education, with a total of 49.3 percent. Meanwhile, those with an academy/diploma and bachelor's degree or higher were only 5.0 percent and 11.2 percent, respectively (see Graph 13). When viewed from an educational perspective, there is a tendency for respondents in a survey conducted by the Populi Center to have a low level of rationality. If referring to the view that rationality is measured by the high level of public education due to the knowledge one has, one is able to collect and search for sufficient facts and has sufficient ability to analyze the situations and conditions that exist or are currently experiencing.

Graph 14. Distribution of Respondents by Type of Occupation in the Populi Center Survey Regarding Jakarta (%)

Housewives are the most common profession in respondents interviewed in a survey conducted by the Populi Center with a percentage of 27.5 percent. Then followed by private employees with a percentage of 21.0 percent and traders with a percentage of 16.0 percent. For other professions, the percentage is below 6.0 percent (see Graph 14).

Graph 15. Distribution of Respondents Based on Monthly Expenditures in the Populi Center Survey on Jakarta (%)

Then based on family expenses every month, most of the respondents earn between Rp. 2,200,001 to Rp. 5,000,000 with a percentage reaching 45.8 percent. Followed by respondents with expenses of IDR 1,250,001 to IDR 2,200,000 with a percentage of 23.7 percent. Meanwhile, the percentage of respondents with monthly expenses of more than IDR 5,000,000 was not more than 12.0 percent. Meanwhile, the number of respondents with expenditures of less than IDR 1,250,000 was quite a lot, with the percentage reaching 18.5 percent. So it can be interpreted that most of the respondents are middle and lower class citizens, or if the total number of respondents who spend less than IDR 5,000,000 is 88.0 percent (see Graph 15).

Graph 16. Distribution of Respondents by Ethnicity in the Jakarta Survey by the Populi Center (%)

With a high degree of heterogeneity as a place where many people in Indonesia try their luck, the distribution of ethnic groups in Jakarta in a survey conducted by the Populi Center is quite diverse. The Betawi tribe was the most numerous ethnic group interviewed with a total of 35.0 percent of the total respondents, almost equivalent to the number of Javanese people with a percentage of 34.3 percent. As for the Sundanese, the percentage is 15.5 percent. Other ethnic groups include the Chinese, Minang/Padang, Batak, Bugis, Malay and so on, each of which accounts for no more than 5.0 percent in the Populi Center survey (see Graph 16).

Graph 17. Distribution of Respondents Based on Religion in the Populi Center Survey Regarding Jakarta (%)

Meanwhile, based on religious distribution, the population with the Muslim religion dominated the survey conducted by the Populi Center with a percentage of 90.8 percent. Then followed by Protestantism with 4.2 percent and Catholicism with 2.8 percent. The rest are Buddhist, Confucian and Hindu (see Graph 17). Meanwhile, based on existing data, Muslims in DKI Jakarta in 2016 reached 83.4 percent or 8.6 million people. Then followed by the population with followers of Christianity (8.6 percent), Catholics (3.9 percent) and Buddhists (3.7 percent) (data.jakarta.go.id, 25/11/18).

Table 6. Cross-tabulation of the Level of Public Satisfaction with the Choices for the Second Round of the 2017 Jakarta Pilkada (%)

It is also necessary to look at how the distribution of population cross-tabulations gives a satisfied assessment of the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government led by Anies Baswedan in the first year of his leadership with the voters of the Governor candidate in the second round of the 2017 DKI Jakarta Pilkada. The data shows that out of a total of 58.6 47.3 percent of Jakarta residents who voted for Anies Baswedan in the second round of the 2017 DKI Jakarta Pilkada said they were satisfied (satisfied and very satisfied) with the performance of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno and another 10.7 percent were dissatisfied. If converted, 80.7 percent of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno's voters are satisfied with their performance during the first year of their administration.

Meanwhile, for Jakarta residents who voted for Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (BTP) and Djarot Saiful Hidayat out of 25.9 percent, 12.5 percent of them were satisfied (satisfied and very satisfied) with the performance of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno, or in other words there were around 48 .2 percent of BTP - Djarot voters in the second round of the DKI Jakarta Pilkada assessed that they were satisfied and very satisfied with Anies - Sandi's performance in leading Jakarta in the first year of his leadership period. Thus, there are around 51.8 percent of BTP-Djarot supporters who are dissatisfied with Anies-Sandi's leadership. Even if seen from the other side, the percentage of dissatisfaction with Anies Baswedan's performance, which amounted to 27.9 percent (dissatisfied and very dissatisfied), was almost the same as the percentage of respondents who voted for BTP - Djarot in the second round of the 2017 Jakarta Pilkada, namely 25.9 percent (see Graph 6). This can also be interpreted that Anies – Sandi has not been able to satisfy the citizens of Jakarta through his policies exceeding the number of votes he won when he won the 2017 Jakarta Pilkada contest. level of satisfaction with the policies issued by the elected Governor and Deputy Governor of Jakarta.

Table 7. Cross tabulation of Community Satisfaction Levels with Education Levels

It is even more interesting when looking at the cross-tabulation between the level of satisfaction with the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government in one year of Anies-Sandi's administration and the education level of the respondents in a survey conducted by the Populi Center. It is starting to appear that indeed the basis for assessing satisfaction with the performance of the Anies-Sandi government is represented by people with an emotional type and not a rational type. More than 50.0 percent of people with this level of education have never attended school (80.0 percent), did not finish elementary school (66.6 percent), graduated from elementary school (59.8 percent), graduated from junior high school (69.8 percent), graduated from high school (78.7 percent), and Academy/Diploma graduates (60.0 percent), stated that they were satisfied and very satisfied with Anies – Sandi's performance (Table 7 data is processed). Meanwhile, for people with a bachelor's degree or higher, only 40.9 percent rated them as satisfied and very satisfied with Anies-Sandi's administration.

People who have a high level of rationality, one of which can be represented by their level of education so that they can think through rational considerations about the pros and cons of a policy issued by policy makers. People who have higher education have a tendency to behave towards everything by prioritizing the rational side rather than the emotional side. They also have a higher tendency to receive or seek access to good and accurate information in responding to various problems or situations they face. This is different from people with low levels of education who tend to prioritize their emotional side due to the sociological conditions of the people of Jakarta, especially for people with low education who tend to work in the non-formal sectors who are afraid of the continuation of their work in the non-formal sector. such as street vendors, illegal parking attendants, pedicab drivers and so on. Not to mention that most of them who often live in places that are not in accordance with their designation also have a sense of anxiety about the sustainability of their residence.

Table 8. Cross-tabulation of Community Satisfaction Levels with Type of Work (%)

Then it can be seen how the cross-tabulation between the type of work and the level of satisfaction with the performance of the DKI Jakarta provincial government in one year of Anies - Sandi's leadership (data processed from Table 8). The following are several types of work that have a satisfaction level of more than 50.0 percent on Anies - Sandi's leadership performance, including housewives (71.6 percent), private employees (76.2 percent), traders (65.6 percent) , laborers/carpenters (wood, stone) (81.0 percent), services (drivers, laundresses, household members, etc.) (72.7 percent), breeders (75.0 percent), fishermen (95.6 percent), farmers (60.0 percent), and officials (at least the camat) (100.0 percent).

Table 9. Cross-tabulation of Community Satisfaction Levels with Community Expenditure Levels (%)

In the Populi Center survey, it can also be seen how the cross tabulation is between the level of satisfaction of the people of DKI Jakarta on Anies-Sandi's performance with the average family expenditure per month. The percentage of satisfaction of Jakarta residents for spending less than Rp. 400,000 to reach 80.8 percent, then for wagra with expenses of between Rp. 400,001 – Rp. 1,250,000 amounting to 65.4 percent. For residents with spending between Rp. 2,200,001 – Rp. 5,000,000 percentage of the satisfaction rate reached 72.2 percent. Furthermore, for residents with spending between Rp. 5,000,001 – Rp. 10,000,000 reaching 54.3 percent and for residents with an expenditure of Rp. more than IDR 10,000,000, the level of satisfaction with Anies – Sandi is only 28.5 percent. This shows that the higher the level of spending, the people of Jakarta tend to be more dissatisfied with Anies – Sandi's leadership (data processed from Table 9).

Seeing the trend in the existing data from the distribution of respondents in a survey conducted by the Populi Center, it appears that there is a problem of the low rationality aspect of Jakarta residents in responding to the policies issued by Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno in leading DKI Jakarta during the first year of their leadership. From the public policy model taken by Anies - Sandi also does not represent a comprehensive rational policy model. This condition is also an indication that there is an aspect of incrementalism which is reflected in the public policy steps taken by Anies-Sandi. Anomaly appears in the results of community-based surveys in the real world and cyberspace, the problem of rationality and emotionality of the people of Jakarta, and the anomaly of rational and incremental public policy patterns.

There are two angles in viewing the results of the survey conducted by the Populi Center, the first is from the perspective of the people of DKI Jakarta, while the other angle is from the style of public policy issued by Anies – Sandi. From the point of view of the people of DKI Jakarta, it can be studied through rational choice theory. Judging from a theoretical perspective, rational choice theory is a theory adopted by political scientists from public choice theory (Public Choice Theory) which is a theory of economics and popularized by James Buchanan which emphasizes the calculation of profit and loss. Buchanan divides public choice theory into two approaches, namely, 1) the Catalaxy approach which interprets economics as a science of exchange, namely supply and demand; and 2) The Home Economicus approach which emphasizes the human tendency to maximize utility benefits for himself individually.

Jokowi and BTP had a breakthrough by building and revitalizing city parks and building RPTRAs. According to 40.2 percent of residents, most of the people of Jakarta in the Populi Center survey considered that the existence of a city park was urgently needed, followed by the need for a children's playroom with 34.3 percent and sports fields with 15.0 percent. — Populi Center Survey, Jakarta, 2019.

Regarding public policy, policy makers, in this case the Governor and Deputy Governor are suppliers and the public is the demander. Public policy can be interpreted as a commodity that is exchanged in the transaction process to interpret the relationship between policy makers and the public. However, public policies taken based on the exchange principle as in public choice theory, must be based on rational thinking. The theory assumes that every individual acts rationally without regard to the wealth of existing institutions, culture, and politics of society. There must be prerequisites for such rationality, namely that the public is assumed to have sufficient motivation, principles, education, knowledge, and information about the candidate pairs and the policies offered. So that a rational public is often identified with those with higher educational backgrounds. Keynes (Firmansyah, et al, 2012: 73) gave an example regarding the behavior of investors regarding the investments they make, that what is invested is not influenced by something definite, in the form of real gains and losses, but the results of investor perceptions based on the various knowledge he has acquired on investment. the. This view clearly states that rationality depends on the level of knowledge and information possessed and then the ability to recognize a condition. Whereas in a survey conducted by the Populi Center it was shown that most of the respondents had low educational backgrounds, at least 83.8 percent of the respondents who were interviewed had graduated from high school, junior high school, elementary school, or did not go to school. Meanwhile, only 16.2 percent of those with higher education (see Graph 13).

The theory of rationality is also inseparable from various criticisms, as stated by Herbertz Simon with his theory of bounded rationality which states that rational choice theory which emphasizes individual behavior will eventually collide with other individual rationality, because each individual has a point of view. different rationality. Like when each student gets the same learning with the same method, it doesn't necessarily get the same results when working on the same exam questions. These things are a view of how rationality sees the public as a subject more.

Meanwhile, from the perspective of policy makers, there are discussions about models of decision-making, there are various views on how public policies should be structured to solve public problems. There are at least three public policy models starting from, 1) a comprehensive rational policy model; 2) incremental model; and 3) mixed scanning model. Discussing rationality in more depth, the rationality approach in decision making has two contexts or sources, namely rationality developed in economic theory as previously stated and rationality formulated through sociological theory regarding industrial organizations and society. Several experts in rationality studies who have made major contributions to the development of public policy science include Simon, March, Lindblom, Olsen, Cyert, and Cohen.

The discourse on rationality in a sociological perspective and industrial society started with Marx Weber who stated that the dominant trend of industrial society was toward self- legitimizing authority in terms of the legal-rational model (Parsons, 2001: 275). The best organizational form of a legal-rational society, according to Weber, is a bureaucracy which must have prerequisites in the form of specialization; hierarchy; rule; impersonal; appointed officials; full-time officer; career officer; and separation between private and public affairs. The idea conveyed by Weber became an idea of an ideal type which was also the starting point for a more substantive analysis of rationality in public policy. Because of its normative and ideal nature, what Marx Weber conveyed regarding the concept of rationality tends to be value-free. Profiroui (2006) in his view conveys that in a rational model, decision makers must focus on the main problem, the content of each alternative policy choice, as well as having to test all possibilities including the costs to be incurred (Leoveanu, 2013:43-54). It is these stages that will produce a comprehensive rational model.

Chart 1. Stages of the Rational Model Public Policy Making Process

In the view of policy as a maximum social gain, resources and data are important and much needed aspects in the input phase. Then set operational goals, policy alternatives and inventory other values of resources. Perform calculations and predictions on the benefits and costs of each alternative, which are ultimately used to make comparisons of which alternatives can produce the highest net profit. What Profiroui conveyed was at least the same as the chart made by Dye in describing the stages and processes of rational policy making.

However, from an empirical realist point of view, there are limits to rationality that also need to be taken into account in making decisions or public policies. Herbertz Simon, as the only public administration scientist who won the nobel prize for economics in 1978, tries to examine the problem of making public policy in a behavioralist manner.

“On the one hand, the social sciences are dominated by a decision-making model in which, according to economists, humans have preferences from which Homo Economicus can choose between alternatives; he has perfect knowledge, his capacity to acquire and process knowledge is limitless; and from there he can choose the best alternative. Economic man is controlled by reason (reason) and rational calculation. On the other hand, Freud, Pareto, and Lasswell describe human behavior as an activity driven by unconscious desires, instincts, and anxiety….. decision-making and analysis must accommodate both reason and feeling” (Parsons, 2001:278)

Herbertz Simon wants to emphasize that rationality has a limited nature, even so that does not mean that these limitations are interpreted as irrationality, it's just that as a form of bounded rationality, moreover, policy makers are not only concerned with common sense because they have to consider emotional aspects. . What was conveyed by Simon became a bridge for Lindblom to raise an incremental policy model that has more political awareness compared to a comprehensive rational policy. This is inseparable from the development of the paradigm of Administrative Science in that the emergence of an understanding of a comprehensive rational policy model departs from the paradigm of model 1 of administrative science which emphasizes the dichotomy of administrative science and political science.

Furthermore, there is Charles Lindblom who is attached to models of decision-making or incremental public policy or his non-comprehensive approach through his work entitled A Strategy of Decision (Arrow, Braybrooke and Lindblom, 1964). Previously, through his work entitled The Science of Muddling Through (1959), he provided an idea regarding the operationalization of a rational public policy model that tends to be normative. This operational model is known as successive limited comparison which according to Lindblom is more realistic in conditions of bounded rationality. According to Lindblom, public policy in terms of muddling through has the following characteristics (Parsons, 2001: 289):

1. Decision making goes through gradual changes
2. Decision making involves mutual adjustment and negotiation
3. omissions in decision making are caused more by accidental exclusion than by systematic or intentional exclusion
4. decision-making is not made once for all
5. decision making is not guided by theory
6. decision making is better than the human trying to understand everything (trying to be comprehensive)
7. the measure of a good decision is on agreement and process rather than on achieving goals or objectives
8. Decision making involves trial and error

Lindblom's view departs on the basis of the model 3 paradigm of the development of administrative science that public administration is political science. It can be seen from his view of public policy that decision makers must involve mutual adjustments and negotiations. Furthermore, in his work on A Strategy of Decision, he introduces the idea of disjointed incrementalism. This is a public policy method that is carried out by comparing policies that have little difference from other policies and that there is no big goal or vision that must be pursued other than overcoming problems and improving public policies. Its nature is disjointed because it is not made in an overall scheme that involves complex control and coordination. The incremental public policy model is realistic when faced with the limited time, skills and other resources needed to conduct a thorough analysis of public issues. On the other hand, incremental policy can reduce the risk of uncertainty.

Then later came another view from Amitai Etzioni with a mixed scanning approach who considered that incrementalism or a rational model would not be realistic in looking at problems. He considers that there is a need for major changes in the decision-making process or public policy formulation by developing social awareness, because decision-making is rooted in a society that is more responsive and not alienated. Etzioni also tries to bridge the views of rationality and incrementalism which are very opposite to one another by using two points of view, namely from a broad point of view, but not very detailed and using a narrower point of view to target casuistic areas to target problems. in depth (Etzioni, 1967:385-392). Public policy makers can make use of the theory of comprehensive rationality and incrementalism in different situations. Amitai Etzioni provides a middle way to the existing discourse. So that in some cases the incrementalism policy model may be more appropriate to be applied to solve existing problems, but in certain conditions, a comprehensive rational approach is far more appropriate to apply.

At first glance, this note regarding the public policy model does not want to emphasize which one should be used in making policies and which model should be abandoned because it is obsolete. Instead, each of these policy models has its own characteristics adapted to the demands of public problems that must be resolved, as stated by Amitai Etzioni (1967). Like other types of knives, a bread knife will not be perfect and effective for cutting meat or vegetables, so it is with models of public policy, the application of which must look at the characteristics of public problems and the complexities that affect them. From the development of the public policy model, it can be seen the trend of public policy styles made by each leadership regime in DKI Jakarta, from the Jokowi - BTP, BTP - Djarot, and Anies - Sandi eras. Is it more inclined towards comprehensive, incremental, and mixed scanning rational public policy styles?

In each phase of the formulation of the problem requires a variety of different methodological expertise and the application of different standards of rationality (Dunn, 2003:231-232). This is because the public policy makers may make mistakes in looking at the existing problems. The first thing that can happen is that in finding the problem, a policy analyst can fail to find the real problem. a policy maker who fails to find problems, or stops looking for core problems early can be at risk in the implementation of the policies taken. Second, a policy maker can make mistakes in defining the problem. Third, a public policy maker can make a third mistake in choosing the right model to solve public problems.

In each of the above, analysts can make errors of the third type (EIII) as stated by Howard Raiffa in the following sentence (Dunn, 2003: 231-232):

“One of the most popular paradigms in…mathematics describes cases in which a researcher must accept or reject what is known as the null hypothesis. In early statistics lessons the student learns that he must constantly balance between making the first type of error (i.e., rejecting the true null hypothesis) and the second type of error (i.e. accepting the wrong null hypothesis) … while practitioners also make the third type all too frequently: solve the wrong problem.”

Error of the third type is the most fatal error because policy makers are wrong in conducting public policy analysis by questioning things that are not actually a problem, as a result it actually triggers new problems. In discussions about public policy models and public policy formulation, problem structuring can also trigger debates about the different meanings of rationality, because rationality is not just a matter of finding the right formal representation of problem conditions. Dunn (2003:232) states that it is the standard definition of rationality that is criticized because in the end it simplifies processes that are actually complex. Rationality can be interpreted at a more fundamental level, that every problem that is not based on understanding and critically examined can seriously disrupt the substance of the existing problem and rule out solutions that actually have the potential to bring about better conditions. This is in line with what Keynes said (Firmansyah, et al, 2012: 73). Based on Yehezkel Dror in Islamy (2009) suggests that there are 7 (seven) public policy models namely:

1. Pure Rationality Model
2. That public policy must be made precisely because it focuses on developing universally ideal patterns of decision making.
3. Economical Rationale Model
4. Emphasizes on making the most economical and most efficient public policies.
5. Sequential Decision Model
6. This model focuses on making experiments in order to determine various alternatives so that the most effective policy can be made.
7. Incremental Model
8. This model directs that old policies are used as a basis for making new policies with modifications.
9. Statistical Model
10. This model is based on the satisfaction theory of Herbert A. Simon whose approach is centered on the process of selecting the first most satisfying policy alternative without bothering to assess other alternatives.
11. Extra Rational Model
12. This model is based on a very rational decision-making process by making the most optimal decision-making method
13. Optimal Models
14. An integrative model that focuses on identifying values, practical uses rather than just solving problems.

After looking at the explanations regarding rationality and incrementalism, we can then conduct an analysis of the public policies taken by Anies - Sandi in the first year of his leadership period in DKI Jakarta. The policy model taken by Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, looking at the rationality and incrementalism discourse, is more inclined or incremental in nature compared to the rational policy model. This can be seen from the various decisions that Anies – Sandi made when leading Jakarta during the first year of his leadership. From the Jakarta Smart Card (KJP) Plus and Jakarta Healthy Card (KJS) Plus policies, it can be seen that Anies – Sandi has only made modifications to existing policies. This is because in fact there were no fundamental problems in the implementation of the KJS and KJP programs during the leadership of the previous Governor of Jakarta (Jokowi – BTP) as the program initiator. Then there is also the magnitude of the risk that will be obtained if there are too many fundamental changes to the KJP Plus and KJS Plus policies, seeing that the existing public policies have been established. So that the commodification or addition of the "Plus" frill is only more to fulfill the emotional aspects of the Jakarta public who want KJP Plus to be disbursed in cash.

As stated by Lindblom (1959), the characteristics of incremental policies as good decisions are measured by agreement and process, rather than on the achievement of goals and objectives. This can be seen from the high satisfaction of Jakarta residents with the policies made by Anies – Sandi (see Graph 2). Then every policy made is also the result of a compromise with residents during the 2017 DKI Jakarta regional election contestation process. Like the 0 rupiah DP program, there is still a tendency for high satisfaction from DKI Jakarta residents by being the 3 (three) programs that are considered the most beneficial by residents DKI Jakarta in the Populi Center survey with a percentage of 10.5 percent, although physically the program is still under construction and can only be accessed by residents with a minimum income of IDR 4 million. While the respondent data in the Populi survey, when referring to the distribution of expenditure, residents with expenditures of more than IDR 5 million and above who are assumed to be able to access the 0 rupiah down payment housing program are no more than 12.0 percent (see Graph 15). Meanwhile, the OK Oce program occupies the second position as the most useful program or policy reaching 34.5 percent, while on the other hand, its effectiveness has not been guaranteed in attracting new entrepreneurs and improving the economy of Jakarta residents.

Many of the policies made by Anies – Sandi are also trial and error in nature, which is one of the characteristics of incremental policies. This policy also tends to be the result of a political tug of war with street vendors who were previously evicted by Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama when he led DKI Jakarta with various existing rational considerations. As a result, now the policy of structuring the Tanah Abang area has also caused quite a controversy in various circles. It can be seen that the policies taken by Anies – Sandi show the nature of trial and error. After the policy of closing the Jatibaru road so that it could be used by street vendors, there was a lot of controversy and protests from various parties. Such as getting protests from traders in Block G Tanah Abang who feel disadvantaged because there are increasingly fewer buyers due to the permission of street vendors to sell on Jalan Jatibaru. The Ombudsman also stated that there were at least 5 (five) rules that were violated from the implementation of the Tanah Abang structuring policy carried out by Anies. The violations committed include Law Number 38 of 2004 concerning Roads, Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation, Government Regulation Number 22 of 2006 concerning Roads, and DKI Jakarta Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 8 of 2007 regarding Public Order and also setting aside pedestrian rights by violating Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2014 concerning Transportation.

Anies also received protests from the drivers of public transportation M03, M08 and M10 with routes passing through the Tanah Abang area and its surroundings who felt aggrieved by the policy of restructuring the Tanah Abang area which had an impact on decreasing their income. After the strong protests that arose from various parties, Anies finally made a new policy by building a skybridge or a multi-function pedestrian bridge over the Jatibaru road which later became a place for relocating street vendors who previously occupied the Jatibaru road body to sell. From the explanation that has been conveyed, it can be seen that there is an anomaly phenomenon from the change in the policy model from Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama which is more comprehensively rational and towards incrementalism carried out by Jakarta Governor Anies Baswedan. This is very clear from the DKI Jakarta Regional Medium Term Development Plan 2017-2022 document which was derived from 23 political promises when Anies – Sandi carried out his campaign in the 2017 DKI Jakarta Pilkada.

Education and Health

Education is a field that is always in the spotlight in every DKI Jakarta Pilkada event. There are always programs offered by each candidate to solve education problems in Jakarta. During the 2013 DKI Jakarta Pilkada, the Jokowi - BTP couple offered their sick card program called the Jakarta Smart Card. The KJP program is a Jokowi-BTP initiation program that aims to provide assistance to students from underprivileged families to meet school needs such as purchasing uniforms, books and transportation. The requirements for students receiving the KJP program are (Purnama, 2018: 287-288):

1. Not smoking and/or consuming drugs
2. Parents do not have sufficient income
3. Using public transportation
4. Purchasing power for shoes and school/personal uniforms is low
5. Purchasing power for food/snack consumption is low
6. Low internet utilization power
7. Unable to participate in extracurricular activities that have the potential to incur costs

At the beginning of its launch, every month students could withdraw cash assistance with a different amount of assistance between elementary, junior high and high school students. However, after two years of running, an evaluation was carried out regarding the implementation of the implementation of KJP. As a result, several findings were found, namely, KJP money was used to buy things that had nothing to do with learning activities, such as buying credit, even to buy cigarettes. In August 2015, a policy was made stating that KJP for elementary, middle and high schools could no longer be withdrawn in cash. Then if there are KJP recipient students who are involved in problems such as brawls, are caught smoking, or commit other unlawful acts, then the KJP card concerned can be revoked.

Table 10. Number of Students Receiving Jakarta Smart Cards

Strict sanctions can also be given not only to KJP recipients but also to shop owners who facilitate KJP misuse. For example, if you want to disburse KJP funds in the form of money through existing shops, KJP recipients must provide fees. Another program in the field of education provided by the Governor before Anies – Sandi took office was the Jakarta Excellent Student Card (KJMU) policy which was given to Jakarta children who could not afford it and wanted to continue their higher education. Assistance is provided in the form of support costs of IDR 1,500,000 per month or IDR 18,000,000 annually. The number of KJMU distributed in 2017 reached 3,116 students.

The inclusive education program was also implemented during the Governor's leadership before Anies - Sandi by paying attention to children with special needs (ABK). By providing opportunities for them to be able to study in public schools. This is because children with special needs also have the same rights and opportunities to experience general education as other normal children. This policy provides special quotas for children with special needs to be able to attend public schools.

Table 11. Number of Schools Implementing Inclusive Education

In DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation Number 174 of 2015 concerning Personal Education Assistance for Students from Disadvantaged Families Through the Jakarta Smart Card, article 20 states that the use of KJP is only for purchasing: a) notebooks; b) picture book; c) textbooks; d) writing instruments such as pencils, pens, erasers and sharpeners; e) drawing tools such as various rulers, colored pencils. markers, colored paper paint, books and/or paper, drawings and compasses; f) practice tools and/or materials; g) school uniforms and accessories; h) school shoes and socks; i) school bag; j) transportation costs from home to school and vice versa; k) school sportswear; I) supporting textbooks; m) nutritious snacks at school; n) glasses as a visual aid; o) hearing aids; p) scientific calculator; q) USB flash disk as a means of storing data; r) scout uniforms and accessories; and/or s) payment for extracurricular activities that are not financed by the Education Operational Cost and School Operational Assistance.

In this regulation, it can be seen that there is a pattern of comprehensive rational model policies carried out by BTP when he served as the Governor of DKI Jakarta. There are other goals to be achieved from implementing the KJP policy, such as minimizing brawls, bullying, drug trafficking, and so on. This can be seen from the KJP revocation sanction if KJP recipients are proven to be smoking, bullying, involved in fights, involved in motorcycle gangs, committing immoral acts, drinking alcohol or alcohol, engaging in mass cheating, skipping school, and even if they are often late arriving at school successively -consecutive or non-consecutive at least 6 (six) times in 1 (one) month.

The election of Anies – Sandi as the Governor of Jakarta in 2017 certainly brought special consequences regarding the superior policies that were carried out. There is a risk that the Governor's previous policies will not be continued at all. This is very often the case in Indonesia, considering that every regime must have certain interests that must be prioritized. However, Anies - Sandi chose to return the Jakarta Smart Card policy to its initial model when the KJP policy was first implemented, where money could be withdrawn in cash. Of course, this condition actually rules out the potential for misappropriation of the aid budget in KJP. This shows that there is no effort to think critically and study regarding public policies that will be taken and tend to heed the substance of the problems that exist in the implementation of the KJP and rule out potential solutions.

Even so, the satisfaction of the Jakarta people with the incremental policy model implemented by Anies – Sandi through his KJP Plus policy actually received a positive response from the people of Jakarta. This cannot be separated from the implementation of the KJP Plus policy which is more lenient compared to the implementation of the KJP policy and the number of recipients each year has a tendency to continue to increase with in 2018 allotted for phase 1 reaching 805,015 students. In 2018, a total of 59,441 TP3T were recipients from public schools and 40,561 TP3T were students from private schools. Previously KJP recipients were only 7-18 years old, but currently the age range that can get KJP Plus is students aged 6-21 years. In KJP Plus funds can be utilized in cash and non-cash. Cash funds are used for additional transportation and student allowances. Meanwhile, some of the funds that cannot be disbursed in cash can be used at the end of the semester for school supplies. Other facilities that KJP Plus recipients get include free transjakarta rides, shopping for 6 (six) types of cheap food, and free entry to Ancol.

Table 12. Details of the Amount of KJP Funds (BTP Governor)

Table 13. Details of the Amount of KJP Plus Funds (Governor Anies)

From the detailed description of the KJP Plus policy program, it is only natural that the people of Jakarta have a positive opinion of the KJP Plus policy. This is because the policy made by Anies – Sandi provides more space and flexibility for Jakarta residents to be able to collect some of the KJP money in cash, even though there is actually no significant difference in nominal terms (see Table 12 and Table 13). This also makes the education sector in a survey conducted by the Populi Center considered to be in better condition than the previous conditions by 69.5 percent of the people of Jakarta (see Table 1). The level of satisfaction with the KJP Plus policy program also reached 64.5 percent and there were 9.2 percent of Jakarta residents who rated it as very satisfied (see Table 3). KJP Plus is also the most beneficial program with a percentage reaching 45.3 percent (see Graph 7). Furthermore, KJP Plus is the most well-implemented policy with a percentage reaching 31.7 percent (see Table 5). Research conducted by Binus University also shows that the negative response to the KJP Plus program is not significant enough and is only around 45.0 percent (see Graph 12). This illustrates that actually with no significant difference in terms of numbers, Anies Baswedan is smarter in exploring the emotional side of Jakarta residents and understands better how neuroscience works which states that emotionality is more easily sparked than the rational side of residents. In this case, Anies Baswedan won the emotional battle between Jakartans and BTP. The anomaly of this pattern of public policy from a certain point of view shows extreme conditions from being comprehensively rational to being incremental. However, it seems that the incrementalism style of policy is more resonant in the hearts of DKI Jakarta residents.

Apart from the education sector, the health sector has always been prioritized in every leadership regime of the Governor of DKI Jakarta. The beginning of Jokowi - BTP's leadership apart from presenting the Jakarta Smart Card policy also initiated the existence of the Jakarta Healthy Card (KJS) policy. The KJS program is a health insurance program intended for all DKI Jakarta residents with class III service facilities. So that all residents of DKI Jakarta can participate as KJS participants as long as they want to enter class III. Then after Joko Widodo was elected President of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2014-2019 period, he changed PT Askes to BPJS (Social Security Organizing Agency) for Health. Then the KJS program was integrated with the national program, namely BPJS for health. So that with this integration, KJS holders will receive BPJS service subsidies.

In addition to compiling the KJS program, there were several things that were addressed during the leadership of Jokowi - BTP and BTP - Djarot. The policy to improve the quality of the puskesmas is carried out to provide improved health services, by increasing the status of the puskesmas to become a District General Hospital (RSUK) or Type D Hospital. In his book entitled Ahok Policy (2018: 294), Basuki Tjahaja Purnama said that the policy aims to reducing the burden on existing hospitals in Jakarta and bringing adequate health service facilities closer to the community. This type D Hospital only focuses on health services in the form of obstetrics, pediatricians, and minor surgical treatment. Some of the puskesmas whose status has been upgraded during Jokowi's leadership - BTP include:

Table 14. Status Improvement of Puskesmas to Type D Hospital

Not only increasing the status of the puskesmas to become a type D Hospital, but also increasing the status of other hospitals, such as increasing the status of type A at the Tarakan Hospital so that there is an increase in the quality of service. Hospital construction was also carried out in South Jakarta at the beginning of Jokowi's leadership - BTP, this was because at that time only South Jakarta did not have a hospital, so a hospital was built in Pasar Minggu and it was inaugurated in December 2015.

Health facilities were also built in flats and PD Pasar Jaya, such as in Marunda Flats, Tanah Tinggi Flats, Jatinegara Flats, Angke Flats, Daan Mogot Flats, North Petojo Market, Jembatan Lima Market, Senen Market, Blok M Market, Timbul Tomang Market, Blora Market, North Kembangan Candlenut Market, Jatinegara Mester Market, and Kramat Jati Central Market. Another program in the health sector is the Knock on the Door Service with Heart Program (KPLDH). The program is an attempt to meet the ratio of one doctor to handle between 2,000 and 5,000 residents. In this program, health workers consisting of one doctor, one nurse, and one midwife including health education institutions and the DKI Health Service visited Jakarta residents directly from house to house.

In the era of Anies-Sandi's leadership, it seems that there were no significant policy changes. As related to the KJS Plus policy which is actually expected to have advantages compared to the KJS program without Plus which provides special facilities for Koran teachers, Sunday school teachers, caretakers of houses of worship, preachers, preachers and religious leaders. However, until now the expected program also could not be implemented. This is because KJS services must be provided the same for all groups without differentiating one from another. The medical check-up program is only given to those who own the Jakarta Elderly Card and can only do a medical check-up for one time only. So that the KJS Plus program and the previous KJS program in its current implementation have no difference at all. So the goal in the 2018 DKI Jakarta Regional Government Work Plan to revise and expand the benefits of the Jakarta Health Card in the form of the Jakarta Health Card Plus by adding special facilities for Koran teachers, Sunday school teachers, house of worship caretakers, preachers, preachers and religious leaders seems to be still far from the fire.

Even so, the people of DKI Jakarta still give a good assessment of Anies – Sandi's performance in the health sector. It is proven that the health sector occupies the first position as a field that is considered to be in better condition under Anies-Sandi's leadership with a percentage reaching 76.0 percent (see Table 1). Meanwhile, the percentage of people's satisfaction with Anies-Sandi's performance in the health sector reached 69.3 percent, placing third (see Table 2). The KJS Plus program itself is a program with a satisfaction score of 61.8 percent (see Table 3) and this condition is quite high. The KJS Plus program itself is also the fourth most benefited program with a percentage reaching 7.8 percent (see Graph 7). However, the existing percentage figures can also be interpreted as an assessment of the performance of the previous Governor as the initiator of the KJS program, because both in terms of the system and form of the program, there has been no change at all.

Whereas what was done by Anies - Sandi only added the editorial "Plus" so that it seemed different from the program left by the previous Governor. This is also Anies-Sandi's effort to grow legitimacy from the people of Jakarta for his leadership. This is because Anies - Sandi, although explicitly many programs were continued from the previous Governor, but he wanted to remove the image of his predecessor's program so that it would be impressed by the frills of the programs left by Jokowi and BTP. The steps taken by Anies – Sandi reflect the incremental policy model which tends to maintain the status quo. It can also be concluded that the minimal changes made regarding programs that are considered to have a high level of satisfaction such as KJP Plus and KJS Plus also show that the true level of satisfaction with the leadership of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno was supported by the policies of the previous governor (Joko Widodo danm Basuki Tjahaja Purnama). Meanwhile, on the other hand, the Jakarta community's assessment of Anies-Sandi's campaign promises programs, such as the OK Ocean, OK Trip, Rumah DP 0 rupiah houses, and so on, actually the percentage of ratings for value still needs to be increased higher when compared to the KJP Plus and KJS programs. Plus.

Environment: Garbage, Cleanliness and Pollution

As the nation's capital and the second largest metropolitan city (Jabodetabekpunjur) in the world, Jakarta is also one of the cities with the largest waste production with a dense population, offices and shopping centers. DKI Jakarta Provincial Data in 2017 Figures states that DKI Jakarta's waste production in 2014 was 7,147.36 tons per day. Meanwhile, the garbage truck facility reached 1,001 units. In terms of waste management, Jakarta is very dependent on the Bantargebang TPST (Integrated Waste Management Site). If for just one day, the Bantargebang TPST is closed, then you can imagine how dirty Jakarta will be. Therefore, the handling of waste, pollution and cleanliness in Jakarta must be handled with seriousness and caution. Moreover, the location of the Bantargebang TPST is in Bekasi City. The highest composition of waste is organic type at 53.75 percent followed by paper at 14.92 percent (BPS, 2017: 100). Then in 2016, garbage truck facilities in DKI Jakarta reached 1,749 trucks. As for the composition of waste in Jakarta, the details in 2016 are as follows:

Table 15. Percentage of DKI Jakarta Waste Composition in 2016

From BPS data for DKI Jakarta Province in 2017 figures show that the largest composition of waste in Jakarta is organic waste at 53.75 percent, followed by paper waste at 14.92 percent, then plastic waste at 14.02 percent, followed by other types of waste. . The problem of solid waste in urban areas is actually not only about how inorganic waste can be recycled, but also how the resulting waste can be transported entirely without causing piles of waste that cannot be transported. This cannot be separated from the capacity of the Waste Disposal Sites (TPS) and the number of available waste transport modes. In Jakarta itself, not all of the waste generated by the community can be transported entirely to be disposed of at TPS, such as at the Bantargebang Integrated TPS.

Table 16. Amount of Garbage Production and Transported Garbage per Day by Administrative City 2014 (in Tonnes)

The data above shows that North Jakarta, South Jakarta and East Jakarta, which are administrative cities, are classified as having a lot of residual waste that cannot be completely transported in DKI Jakarta. South Jakarta is the city with the highest amount of residual waste in 2014 with the amount reaching 270.06 tons per day, followed by North Jakarta (184.08 tons) and East Jakarta (181.00 tons). The following is data regarding the scale of waste that enters the Bantargebang Integrated TPS from January to July 2018.

Table 17. Bantargebang TPSP Waste Scales from January - July 2018 (Tons)

Every day at least an average of 7,000 tons of waste goes to the Bantargebang Integrated TPS. Under the leadership of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, the issue of waste, especially regarding the Bantargebang TPST, had sparked polemics. This is due to the location of the Bantargebang TPST which is outside Jakarta, namely in Bekasi City, West Java. Problems reappeared when the City of Bekasi questioned the partnership funds or grants related to the Bantargebang TPST. Even though it is located in Bekasi City, the status of the Bantargebang TPST land is the ownership of the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta. TPST was previously managed by a private party, namely PT Gondang Tua Jaya (GTJ), but since September 2016 during the transition period by the Acting Governor of DKI Jakarta Soemarsono, TPST Bantargebang has shifted management by the DKI Jakarta Sanitation Service. However, currently the authority for waste management is delegated to the DKI Jakarta Provincial Environmental Service.

The takeover of the management of the Bantargebang TPST was carried out due to a default committed by PT Gondang Tua Jaya (GTJ). Points of default made, namely, first, not fulfilling financial closing obligations in accordance with the agreement. Second, unable to fulfill the obligation to submit reports on special accounts as required. Third, the waste management party is declared not carrying out the construction and development of new facilities and infrastructure as required in the existing agreement, such as the construction of an incinerator or waste crushing machine.

BTP also had plans to build a modern Intermediate Treatment Facilities (ITF) waste management site which was to be built for the first time in Sunter in early 2017. However, this plan could not be realized due to the cancellation of Presidential Regulation Number 18 of 2016 concerning the Acceleration of Development of Waste Power Plants by the Court. Great. If the construction of the ITF is realized, it will at least reduce the waste load in Bantargebang by almost 30 percent, because the ITF is planned to be built with a capacity of between 2,000 and 2,200 tons per day and can produce electricity with a capacity of up to 40 megawatts.

Graph 18. Waste Reduction in DKI Jakarta Province 2013-2017

Another problem that occurred during Anies – Sandi's administration in the first year of his leadership was the polemic over the procurement of trash cans from Germany, the unit price of which was estimated at 3.6 million rupiah. The budget for the procurement of the trash bins also takes up a budget of 9.51 billion rupiah in 2018. The trash bins are branded Weber. Even though it had become a polemic, the City of Surabaya under the leadership of Tri Rismaharini had also owned these German-made trash cans since 2010 and currently the number is estimated to have reached more than 1,000 units. The polemic arose due to the large number of trash cans procured by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta with a budget of 9.51 billion.

In BTP's leadership, he understands that maintaining good relations with the city of Bekasi is a step that must be taken to ensure the smooth management of Jakarta's waste. This is because Jakarta is very dependent on the Bantargebang TPST which is located in Bekasi City. During the BTP era, several collaborations were carried out with the City of Bekasi, one of which was by conducting an addendum to the cooperation agreement regarding the Bantargebang TPST to increase the compensation fund which was previously around 63 billion rupiah to 143 billion rupiah each year (Purnama, 2018: 260).

In relation to efforts to realize city cleanliness, in 2013 BTP assigned the Governance bureau to form a unit of cleaning staff called the Public Infrastructure and Facilities Handling Officer (PPSU) or more synonymous with orange. PPSU officers have quite a lot of duties and are not only in charge of sweeping and cleaning the ditches, but also tasks such as patching potholes in roads and fixing public lighting. BTP is seen to be compiling a policy for forming PPSU Officers in a comprehensive rational manner because it also pays attention to aspects of community empowerment because those who become PPSU members are residents in the sub-district. They are contracted for one year and are paid around 3.6 million rupiah. The Orange Troops are Daily Freelance Officers (PHL) assigned by the Kelurahan, besides that there are also the Blue Troops who work under the Sanitation Service to clean up trash in Jakarta's rivers. Then the Green Troops are attached to the Cemetery and Park Service which is in charge of maintaining parks and open spaces. There are also Purple troops attached to the Social Service and tasked with dealing with neglected and senile people. The total number of Orange troops in DKI currently reaches 20,190 people, they are spread across 267 Sub-districts in DKI Jakarta with each Kelurahan having around 70 to 75 Orange troops working on a shift basis. Meanwhile, the Blue troops reached 2,127 people.

The condition of pollution and waste pollution in Jakarta is also a matter that needs serious handling. This is because it can threaten the health of the people of Jakarta. Like air pollution with the enormous number of motorized vehicles in Jakarta. The data shows that the condition of reservoir/situ water quality in DKI Jakarta has also decreased (see Table 18). Ahead of the 2018 Jakarta Palembang Asian Games, Jakarta was also enlivened by the controversy over the handling of Kali Item pollution which caused an unpleasant odor and disturbed the Asian Games participants staying at the Kemayoran Athlete's House.

Table 18. Situ/reservoir water monitoring quality status based on DKI Jakarta Province Pollution Index (%)

Based on regional development information system data, the dominant parameters polluting reservoirs/situs in Jakarta include Coliform, Fecal Coli, Detergents, Phosphates and Organics. River water pollution also tends to get worse in DKI Jakarta (see Table 19).

Table 19. River Water Monitoring Quality Status based on DKI Jakarta Province Pollution Index (%)

Meanwhile, none of the river water quality data in Jakarta has a good status, data for 2016 shows that 40.0 percent of river water in Jakarta is moderately polluted and 60.0 percent is heavily polluted (see Table 19). This condition is also an irony for Jakarta as the capital and mirror of Indonesia. Given the location of Jakarta which is on the coast, it also means that handling the problem of river water pollution cannot be done alone but also requires cooperation and coordination between other regional governments, from the upstream to the downstream rivers, which have many empties into Jakarta.

Table 20. Quality Status of Groundwater Monitoring based on Pollution Index of DKI Jakarta Province (%)

Although river water in Jakarta is heavily polluted and can no longer be used for washing or even for kitchen purposes (see Table 19), the quality status of groundwater monitoring in Jakarta is experiencing an increasingly good condition. This is indicated by the increase in groundwater that has good conditions in 2016 to 46.0 percent from 38.0 percent in 2015 (see Table 20).

Table 21. DKI Jakarta Provincial Environmental Quality Index 2011-2016 (%)

In general, the environmental quality index in DKI Jakarta from 2012 to 2016 showed a slight decline from 36.80 in 2012 to 36.41 in 2016 (see Table 21). The air quality index is an index that has a decreasing trend each year when compared to the air quality index and the forest cover quality index in Jakarta. Some of the descriptions regarding pollution and environmental quality need to get a serious response from each regional head who leads Jakarta.

During the administration of Joko Widodo and Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, environmental control policies that received sufficient positive attention from the public were the policies for handling reservoirs and river normalization. There is the Ria Rio reservoir and the Pluit reservoir, for example, which Joko Widodo transformed from a slum area into a more beautiful reservoir and a comfortable public space. In Jakarta there are around 76 reservoirs with a total area of 502 hectares (Purnama, 2018:235). In the leadership of Jokowi - BTP, there are several reservoirs that are priority for normalization including, Bojong Reservoir, Sunter Reservoir, Rawa Babon Reservoir, Cengkareng Reservoir, Grogol Reservoir, Pesanggrahan II Reservoir, Bujana Tirta Reservoir, and Tomang Barat Reservoir. River normalization was also carried out in the Jokowi - BTP era, one of which was in the river in the Gunung Sahari area. Normalization is not only carried out to reduce the potential for flooding in Jakarta but also to make the river which was previously black in color become cleaner and clearer. The impact of river normalization carried out by Jokowi - BTP had a significant impact by reducing the number of flood points from around 2,200 flood points before they led to reducing to 80 points in February 2017 (Purnama, 2018: 236).

In the DKI Jakarta RPJMD document for 2017-2022, in the new leadership era of Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno, there are 23 work promises which are their campaign promises which are then abstracted into the concept of the Five Main Efforts for Jakarta Development, one of which contains Sustainable City. To realize a Sustainable City, there are 19 programs that have been prepared, one of which is a program to control pollution and environmental destruction. There is also a river naturalization program which is often touted by Anies – Sandi as a campaign promise to be more pro-community by refusing evictions like in the river naturalization program during the Jokowi – BTP era. Anies described that naturalization would later revive the ecosystem on the banks of the river with various plants and refuse concreting. However, until the first year of the Anies-Sandi administration, the program ran without proper planning.

The naturalization program was first implemented at Setu Babakan by planting trees and creating a small garden on the edge of the setu and dredging the bottom of the setu (Tirto.id, 03/01/19). However, the river naturalization program is not included in the budget nomenclature in the 2018 DKI Jakarta APBD and the 2019 RAPBD. There is also no clear target for the river naturalization program which is listed in the DKI Jakarta RPJMD for 2017-2022. In any publications that have been carried out by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta over the past year from 16 October 2017 – 16 October 2018 there is also no program that mentions environmental management which includes promising waste, cleanliness and pollution. Practically only the policy to stop the reclamation of the Jakarta bay which in several narratives actually threatens environmental sustainability, although there are also other views that say that reclamation is actually a form of environmental improvement through the formation of new environments and ecosystems.

Graph 19. Views of Jakarta Residents regarding the policy of Stopping North Jakarta Beach Reclamation by Governor Anies Baswedan (%)

Graph 20. The benefits of the Jakarta North Coast Reclamation Stop policy by Governor Anies Baswedan According to Jakarta Residents (%)

It can be seen that environmental programs are still not a priority for Anies – Sandi during his one year leadership when compared to other programs or campaign promises such as OK Ocean, OK Trip, and 0 Rupiah DP Houses. Meanwhile, related to waste management, there is a development plan for 4 ITFs in the city. Then there are also efforts to increase the capacity of clean water services by 2,800 liters/second in 2022. Increasing the capacity of piped wastewater services through the construction of WWTP zones 1, 5, 6 and 8 with the amount of managed liquid waste of 826,522 m3 per day is also planned to solving waste problems and minimizing water pollution. Then it is also planned to build 50 locations for Domestic Wastewater Management Systems (SPALD) and regular on-site despluging services. Anies - Sandi also plans to build 28 ponds/reservoirs/situ and the construction of 3,338 meters of sea embankments. Some of these plans are contained in the DKI Jakarta RPJMD for 2017-2022 and it can be seen from the targets that were very optimistic, even though until early 2017 the construction of the reservoir was still struggling with the issue of land acquisition.

Even so, it would be interesting to see the perceptions of the people of Jakarta regarding the quality of public services provided by the DKI Jakarta government during one year of Anies-Sandi's leadership. The Populi Center survey shows that the majority of Jakartans state that the quality of public services is in the City Cleanliness/Waste Management Sector (68.5 percent), the Clean Water Supply Sector (68.3 percent), and the Pollution and Waste Control Sector (62.2 percent). conditions are better than before (see Table 1). The level of community satisfaction with these three areas is also relatively high, reaching more than 50.0 percent, Pollution and Waste Control (68.8 percent), Clean Water Supply (65.0 percent), and Municipal/Waste Management Cleanliness (54.7 percent). . Even so, the municipal cleaning/waste disposal sector was the sector with the third lowest satisfaction level out of 17 fields assessed for satisfaction in the Populi Center survey (see Table 2). Meanwhile, based on the community's assessment of Anies-Sandi's campaign promises, the promise to stop the reclamation of the Jakarta bay was the second highest percentage considered by the community to be well implemented with a percentage of 28.3 percent. While promises regarding environmental rehabilitation and maintenance were in sixth position with a percentage of 18.7 percent, while promises to improve the quality and scope of access to clean water were in position 12 out of 23 campaign promises delivered with a percentage of 17.3 percent (see Table 5). The people of Jakarta still judge whether it is related to the implementation of policies or the quality of Anies – Sandi's performance in the environmental sector which includes waste, cleanliness and pollution.

Settlements, Housing and Provision of Green Open Space

As an urban area with a large population density and a magnet for newcomers every year, Jakarta needs a comprehensive settlement arrangement, housing and green open space policy. Of course the existence of the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) is important as the grand design of regional planning in Jakarta. Jakarta has a population density of 15,517.38 people/km2. BPS data, DKI Jakarta in 2017 figures show that the highest density is in West Jakarta, reaching 19,268.20 people/km2, while the lowest density is in the Thousand Islands with 2,714.48 people/km2.

The settlement arrangement program that was carried out during the Jokowi - BTP leadership era was the Kampung Deret program. There were several areas where row villages were established, namely in Tanah Tinggi and Petogogan during Jokowi's era. However, in the era of BTP's leadership, this policy was evaluated and not continued on the basis of limited state land that could be used to build a row village (Purnama, 2018: 239). BTP is also adamant by not wanting to build a row village on state land which is located on the green belt. So that BTP prefers to focus on settlement arrangement and housing development by establishing flats.

Table 22. Number of Flats built by DKI Jakarta Provincial Government

In the era of Jokowi - BTP leadership, several city parks as green open spaces were inaugurated and built, including Cakung Park, Coconut Park, Zodja Park, East Kalibaru Park, Jagakarsa Park, PPA Park, Maja Park, Tanjung 2 Park, Lebak Bulus 3 Park. , Sunter Park, Green Open Space Park on Jalan Ujung Menteng and Kalijodo Green Open Space Park. Then there was also the construction of RPTRA (Child-Friendly Integrated Public Space), in total until the end of the BTP leadership period in Jakarta, a total of 290 RPTRA units had been built with a spread of 44 units in Central Jakarta, 56 units in West Jakarta, 60 units in South Jakarta, 59 units in East Jakarta, North Jakarta 64 units, and the Thousand Islands 7 units. Of these, there are around 67 units built using private company CSR funds.

Turning to the Anies-Sandi government, there are several policies or campaign promises that have become pillars in Anies-Sandi's leadership in Jakarta. Among them is the policy of providing housing by facilitating 250,000 flats in DKI Jakarta that meet the criteria/requirements to have their own homes, including through a zero rupiah down payment scheme and the establishment of the People's Housing BLUD. In the planning document prepared by Anies – Sandi it is clear that the 0 rupiah down payment program is not intended for people with incomes below Rp 4,000,000 per month. In the DKI Jakarta RPJMD 2017-2022 it states that there are several categories in the priority of providing livable housing based on the amount of income as follows:
a. People with an income below IDR 4,000,000 per month. For this community group, the priority for providing housing is in the form of Simple Rent Flats (Rusunawa).
b. People earn between IDR 4,000,000 – IDR. 7,000,000 per month. For this community group, the priority is to provide housing in the form of Simple Owned Flats (Rusunami) through a zero down payment funding scheme (zero dp).
c. People with income above Rp. 7,000,000 per month. For this community group, the provision of housing is left to the market mechanism.

From what is planned it is clear that people with incomes below Rp. 4,000,000 per month will only receive policy interventions in the form of simple rented flats (rusunawa), which is actually not much different from the previous Governor's policy which has also built a number of flats for the lower middle class, especially for people affected by the arrangement of residential areas or evictions. Then it was stated that the Provision and Maintenance of Simple Rent Flats (Rusunawa) in the 2018-2022 period is planned as follows:
a. Provision of public housing as many as 14,564 apartment units.
b. Improvement of complete public housing infrastructure facilities to 23 locations; and
c. Periodic maintenance/maintenance of 15,377 flats.

Regarding the 0 rupiah DP policy, at the end of one year of Anies Baswedan's leadership in Jakarta, the construction of a 0 rupiah DP residential project in Klapa Village, East Jakarta, is planned for PD Sarana Jaya to build 4 towers with a total of 780 residential units. In its Vision for a Sustainable City, it is planned to arrange residential areas by improving the quality of housing and infrastructure in slum villages in 200 RWs in Jakarta using the community action planning method. Anies also plans to provide green open space by building 86 Joint Advanced Parks and 175 Smart Parks. However, in reality there is still no visible Maju Bersama Park that has been built by the DKI Jakarta provincial government as well as smart parks according to what is stated in the 2017-2022 DKI Jakarta RPJMD document which in 2018 is planned to have built a total of 6 park units Maju Bersama and 15 Smart Park units. According to Anies, Taman Maju Bersama is different from the RPTRA and is more bottom-up in its development process.

Table 23. Plans for the Development and Arrangement of the Maju Bersama and Smart Parks for 2018-2022

Graph 21. Level of Ease of Having a Residence in Jakarta for the Lower Middle Class Community (%)

The Populi Center survey also explores urban issues, especially regarding housing or housing issues in Jakarta. Most people in Jakarta think that it is not easy to have a place to live in Jakarta for people with lower middle income. The survey results stated that around 27.0 percent considered it difficult, 26.5 percent considered it less easy, while those who considered it easy were 26.3 percent and the remaining 5.0 percent considered it very easy (see Graph 21). This is inseparable from the limited land available in Jakarta and the selling price of land and houses is very high and is even one of the most expensive in Indonesia.

Graph 22. Decent Housing for the Lower Middle Class in Jakarta (%)

The people of Jakarta consider that the most suitable place to live for the lower middle class in Jakarta is a simple landed house, with around 38.7 percent of the people judging it. Meanwhile, it was followed by flats owned by 25.7 percent, then there were very simple houses 17.7 percent. From the results of the Populi Center survey it appears that the community still wants a place to live with ownership (see Graph 22). Meanwhile, 11.2 percent of the public considered proper rental flats, followed by apartments with a percentage of 1.3 percent.

Graph 23. Level of Conformity of the 0 Rupiah DP Program with the Expectations of the Jakarta Community (%)

With regard to the 0 Rupiah DP program policy, most people consider that the program has met the expectations of the people of Jakarta with an assessment percentage reaching 34.7 percent. Meanwhile, those who considered the 0 Rupiah DP program to be very suitable were 8.2 percent. On the other hand, 25.2 percent of the public considered that the policy was still not in line with the expectations of the people of Jakarta, then 15.8 percent said it was not appropriate (see Graph 23). Although in its realization for the first year of Anies Baswedan's leadership, the 0 Rupiah DP program was only launched on October 12 2018.

Graph 24. The Level of Satisfaction of the People of Jakarta with the Policy of Fulfilling Decent Housing Needs for the Middle and Lower Communities by Anies Baswedan (%)

Most Jakarta residents consider Satisfaction to be related to the policy of meeting the needs of decent housing for the lower middle class under Anies Baswedan's leadership. A total of 39.9 percent of the people said they were satisfied and 5.9 percent said they were very satisfied. Meanwhile those who stated that they were dissatisfied were 33.3 percent, 10.4 percent dissatisfied and 2.3 percent very dissatisfied.

Graph 25. The Need for Public Space for Jakarta Residents (%)

In addition to the issue of settlement and housing policies, the need for public space needs to get more attention given the limited land available in Jakarta. Building a public space that is adequate and can serve as a place for social interaction in Jakarta is a serious challenge for the governor who leads. Jokowi and BTP had a breakthrough by building and revitalizing city parks and building RPTRAs. According to 40.2 percent of residents, most of the people of Jakarta in the Populi Center survey considered that the existence of a city park was urgently needed, followed by the need for children's playrooms at 34.3 percent and sports fields at 15.0 percent (see Graph 25). Meanwhile, Anies Baswedan offered a concept called Taman Maju Bersama and Taman Pintar, which up to one year of his leadership period in Jakarta has not seen any real realization.

Graph 26. RPTRA conditions during one year of Anies Baswedan's leadership in Jakarta (%)

The election of a new Governor in Jakarta in the 2017 Pilkada also brought anxiety that later the programs left by Governor BTP would not be continued and even abandoned in the hands of Governor Anies, such as those related to the RPTRA that had been built by BTP. The Populi Center survey showed that 57.5 percent of the public considered that the condition of the RPTRAs built under BTP's leadership was still well maintained and 7.3 percent considered them very well maintained. Only 23.3 percent stated that it was not well maintained and 2.7 percent considered it was not well maintained (see Graph 26).

With regard to service quality, the housing and settlement sector received a better rating under Anies-Sandi's first year of leadership with a percentage reaching 62.0 percent while the green open space provision sector received a percentage of 68.2 percent (see Table 1). The percentage of people's satisfaction with these two sectors is not much different from the housing and settlement sector with 60.2 percent and the green open space provision sector with a percentage of 67.5 percent. Meanwhile, regarding the level of satisfaction of the Jakarta people with the DKI Jakarta Provincial government's work program in Anies – Sandi's first year in charge, programs related to housing, settlements and green open spaces were the programs that received the lowest satisfaction levels compared to programs in other fields (see Table 3). The following are 5 (five) work programs in the field of housing, settlements and green open spaces which in the Populi Center survey occupy the lowest satisfaction levels, housing construction with a down payment of 0 rupiah (54.3 percent), maintenance of RPTRA (54.3 percent), Taman Maju Bersama (53.8 percent), Improvement of Slum Areas (50.3 percent) and Development of Rusunami/Rusunawa (44.7 percent).

According to the people of DKI Jakarta, in the assessment of the least beneficial program, the 0 Rupiah down payment housing program is the least beneficial compared to other programs with a percentage of 29.3 percent (see Graph 8). This shows that the performance of Governor Anies Baswedan in the first year of his leadership in Jakarta has not yet been seen in the areas of housing, settlements and the provision of green open spaces. When looking at the style of the policy model taken which is incrementalism which tends to be a status quo it will indeed be difficult to implement when it collides with land and board issues. This is because the issue is very vulnerable to fluctuations. Taking an anti-eviction stance is also a challenge for Anies in pushing for accelerated work programs related to housing and land. Not to mention the promise to realize the development of the Deret and Susun villages, which in reality had already been evaluated by the previous governor, namely BTP, is no longer relevant given the limited state land that can be built for the Row and Flats villages which are not green belts. As a result, Anies, judging by the evaluation that has been carried out by BTP, inevitably has to evict or relocate residents first if he wants to build a flat village or a row village. Considering that Jakarta is a capital city with a density of more than 15 thousand inhabitants/km2, it also has the problem of limited land and the emergence of several slum areas which must be addressed immediately.

Infrastructure, Transportation, Traffic Congestion and Public Order

As a metropolitan area, Jakarta requires adequate infrastructure to support its daily activities. Especially regarding the problem of congestion and public transportation in Jakarta, which until now has not been resolved properly. The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) and Light Rail Transit (LRT) mega projects are part of an important breakthrough that began to be built during the era of Jokowi and BTP's leadership in Jakarta. Previously, during Governor Soetiyoso's era, the construction of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or Busway had started as an initiation for the development of mass transportation. Structuring public transportation and optimizing the busway by revamping its modes of transportation are also carried out to overcome public transportation problems and alleviate the problem of congestion in Jakarta. There was also the construction of the Semanggi Interchange during the BTP era, in which the funds came entirely from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).

In addition to the phenomenal interchange, MRT and LRT, there are several other infrastructure developments specifically to support transportation affairs in Jakarta, including flyovers at Bintaro Permai, Cipinang Lontar and Pancoran. Then there is the construction of underpasses on Jalan Kartini, Matraman, and Mampang-Kuningan. Furthermore, there is the construction of the elevated busway corridor 13 and so on.

In the era of Governor Anies Baswedan, through the Panca Usaha Utama Development Jakarta, there were several things that wanted to be pursued in the infrastructure sector, including the development of Transit Oriented Development (TOD), the OK OTrip program, operating the ERP system, building MRT and LRT phase II, building 11 Flyover and 1 Underpass, provision of park and ride and build 593,231 m of pedestrian paths. Regarding the BRT program, Anies-Sandi plans to continue the development plan for corridor 14 and corridor 15 for the busway. What is interesting is the change in the name of the OK OTrip program to Jak Lingko. However, in practice there is no clear difference from the implementation of the OK OTrip and Jak Lingko policies. It appears that Anies is trying to eliminate public perception of the OK Otrip program which is very synonymous with Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno who has resigned from his position as Deputy Governor. This is reinforced by the absence of a clear study that became the basis for changing the name of the OK Otrip program to Jak Lingko. Until now, there has been no significant impact for the community, owners of modes of transportation, or angkot drivers who are members of the OK Otrip program.

The Populi Center survey shows data that handling traffic jams during the first year of Anies' administration was one of the fields that received the lowest rating compared to other fields, with 55.2 percent of Jakartans assessing the percentage of service quality as better (Table 1). Then, the level of satisfaction of the people of Jakarta in dealing with traffic jams also occupies the lowest position compared to other sectors with the percentage of people who rate them as satisfied at 49.8 percent. Even so, the public transportation sector became the sector with the second good rating after the health sector with a better rating reaching 75.0 percent.

Then there is a policy for structuring the Tanah Abang area by allowing Jalan Jatibaru to be a place to sell. The Populi Center survey also tries to capture the perceptions of Jakarta residents regarding this policy. Because many parties are actually harmed by the implementation of this policy. This shows that Anies Baswedan's policy is not comprehensive in its planning. Then it was very clear that the program was full of political interests by freeing street vendors to sell in Tanah Abang. Even though there were many pros and cons, the results of the Populi Center survey actually showed different results. The community still considered that the policy for structuring the Tanah Abang area in the Anies era was far better than the BTP era.

Graph 27. Perceptions of the Jakarta People regarding the Tanah Abang Arrangement Policy by Governor Anies Baswedan

The results of the Jakarta community's assessment showed that 48.9 percent thought that Anies Baswedan's arrangement of Tanag Abang was better. Meanwhile, only 11.5 percent of the public considered it worse (see Graph 27). The results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center seem to heed the problems that are happening in Jakarta, because in fact, Tanah Abang is getting more chaotic with Anies Baswedan's policy. He also tends to give more leeway than the Governor of BTP who is very firm when it comes to those who violate public order. Rationally, the Tanah Abang area does not show better conditions than in the BTP era, but more than half of the people of Jakarta still think that the arrangement that has been carried out is better. This is an interesting phenomenon, are these conditions what the citizens of Jakarta really want, or are there other factors that influence people's judgments in the survey conducted by the Populi Center.

Graph 28. Perceptions of the Jakarta Community regarding the Jatibaru Road Closure Policy for PKL by Governor Anies Baswedan

After many parties opposed the policy of closing the Jatibaru road for street vendors in Tanah Abang, finally Anies made a new policy with the construction of the Skybridge. For him, this policy is a middle way to keep the Jatibaru road open so that it continues to function as a road in general and street vendors can sell on the Jatibaru road. People who use the KRL and get off at Tanah Abang station can also get off immediately and walk towards the skybridge. However, there are a number of things that Anies Baswedan did not pay attention to in this policy. Relocating the market to Skybridge will in fact cause losses for traders who have stalls in the Block in Tanah Abang. If Anies Baswedan wants to make a policy that favors street vendors, he should instead provide a stall in the Block in Tanah Abang specifically for street vendors. So that this policy will increase the class of street vendors by having more suitable stalls for trading and also not harming the traders who are in the Block in Tanah Abang. Although in the results of the Populi Center survey, 48.2 percent of Jakarta residents agreed with the Jatibaru road closure policy and only 38.0 percent thought they disagreed with the policy (see Graph 28).

Graph 29. Perceptions of the People of Jakarta on the Skybridge Development Policy by Governor Anies Baswedan

Meanwhile, with regard to the Skybridge development policy, the majority of Jakarta residents, namely 51.2 percent, agreed with the policy and only 14.8 percent said they did not agree. With various controversies over the policies carried out by Anies, the results of the Populi Center survey show that the acceptance of the people of Jakarta has a tendency to accept whatever is done by Anies Baswedan in Jakarta. This also cannot be separated from the fact that in the first year of his administration, he tends to still enter the honeymoon phase so that people still evaluate well what Anies has done. So that people will judge that the controversy that has arisen and the results that have not emerged on the policies carried out by Anies Baswedan is because he is still in charge of Jakarta for one year. There are still many Jakarta residents who think that Anies will bring progress to Jakarta and Anies must be given time to prove that he will make progress for development in Jakarta. This was coupled with Anies who developmentally focused heavily on political promises when he campaigned in the 2017 Pilkada contest.

The Economy and Provision of Employment

The economy and the provision of employment are the main sectors which are the goals of development in each region. Efforts to accelerate this sector can be carried out through various programs, both those that have a direct impact or an indirect impact. In the era of the BTP government, there was a program for the welfare of citizens with a capital assistance system with an unusual profit sharing of 80:20. 80 percent for residents and 20 percent for the DKI Jakarta provincial government as the capital provider. Assistance that is usually provided through the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) group has been replaced by BTP by directly providing assistance to individual business actors. This is because it often appears that grants are only controlled by unscrupulous group leaders and are not distributed evenly to other group members. Job training was also provided during the Joko Widodo administration and BTP to cooperatives and MSMEs in Jakarta.

Table 24. Data on Cooperatives and SMEs

Before the end of his administration, BTP also established the Jakarta Creative Hub as a place for young people in Jakarta to work. The Jakarta Creative Hub can also be a hangout place for young people with ID cards in Jakarta to exchange thoughts and ideas about creativity. This place also provides entrepreneurship and craftmanship programs and training that can be utilized by youth in Jakarta. The following is an overview of the economic conditions of DKI Jakarta residents until 2016 from the results of the socio-economic survey.

Table 25. Number of Poor Population by Administrative District/City 2012-2016

The data in Table 25 shows that from 2014 to 2016, the number of poor people in Jakarta experienced a downward trend from 412.79 thousand people to 384.30 thousand people. The open unemployment rate in DKI Jakarta has also decreased from 2013 to 2015. With a total of 8.63 percent to 7.23 percent (see Table 26).

Table 26. Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) and Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK)

In the era of the new Governor Anies Baswedan, there were excellent programs in the field of economics and human development. What is most anticipated is the implementation of the OK OCE One program, One Center of Entrepreneurship in 44 Districts as the main driver of citizen entrepreneurship. Realizing 200,000 entrepreneurs and 200,000 jobs. Then it also wants to provide food subsidies for 3.2 million people in 5 years, provide food storage places in 10 locations. Construction of 28 people's market locations and 27 integrated market units. However, during one year of Anies – Sandi's government in Jakarta, there has not been a significant impact from the existence of this program to increase the number of new entrepreneurs. Coupled with the resignation of Sandiaga Salahuddin Uno as the initiator of the OK Oce program from the Deputy Governor of DKI Jakarta due to participating in the 2019 Election contestation as a Candidate for Vice President, it is believed that the program will also not run optimally.

In the eyes of the people of Jakarta, the quality of service in the field of providing employment is not better than other fields such as Health, Education, One-Stop Licensing, and so on, even so for the Economic sector the quality is in fifth position out of 17 other fields assessed in the Survey. Populi Center (see Table 1). Likewise, the level of community satisfaction is not much different from the community's assessment of the quality of services provided. Meanwhile with regard to Anies-Sandi's 23 political promises, the OK Oce program occupies 20th position as a work program or political promise that is considered to have the best implementation, in the lowest position there is the Mandiri Women Business Credit work program with only 13.3 percent of the public assessing the program is running well (see Table 5)

Bureaucratic Reform

The effectiveness of public services depends on how the bureaucracy works in them. To optimize public services, various breakthroughs are needed in the form of bureaucratic reform which can be in the form of institutional reform, human resources, and organizational culture. In simple terms, bureaucracy will be effective if it has minimal structure and rich functions. This is a basic prerequisite for institutional reform to achieve optimal public services. In human resource reform, the criterion is the term the right man in the right place. That the placement of human resources in certain positions must be adjusted to the competencies possessed. The second prerequisite is the existence of a recruitment process that upholds a meritocratic system to ensure the quality of human resources accepted as employees have good competence. Next is organizational culture reform, as a reflection that there are values that are held in every service provided to the community, such as 3S (Smile, Greeting, Greet) and so on.

Graph 30. Views of the Jakarta Community on the Size of the TGUPP Salary Budget

In the context of DKI Jakarta provincial government organizations, there are several interesting things related to bureaucratic reform that can be reviewed in the era of Governor Anies Baswedan's administration. Judging from the concept of minimal structure, rich in functions, this is certainly in contrast to several policies adopted by Anies Baswedan in institutional management in DKI Jakarta Province. What is quite interesting to the public's attention is the policy of forming the Governor's Team for the Acceleration of Development (TGUPP) which has 73 members and spends around 28.99 billion APBD budget per year just to pay TGUPP members. Then during his 10 months in office, Anies has also formed 13 others besides TGUPP.

In a survey conducted by the Populi Center, there were around 27.8 percent of the people of Jakarta who considered the TGUPP salary budget of around 28.99 billion as a reasonable measure because it has uses for Jakarta. Meanwhile, around 23.0 percent of the public considered that the budget for TGUPP's salary was too large, 23.0 percent considered that the number of members was too many and another 9.0 percent considered that the APBD should not be used to finance the TGUPP. So that there were around 47.8 percent of the public who gave a negative response to the policy, and 27.8 percent responded as a natural thing, and the rest answered they didn't know/didn't answer (see Graph 30).

Graph 31. The Importance of the existence of TGUPP formed by Anies Baswedan

Even though there have been many negative responses regarding the amount of the budget spent on TGUPP, most people in Jakarta consider that the existence of TGUPP is important. Approximately 62.3 percent of the community considered it important and only 18.8 percent considered it unimportant (see Graph 31).

Graph 32. Benefits of TGUPP

Most people in DKI Jakarta also think that the existence of TGUPP is useful (72.5 percent) and only around 12.0 percent of people think that the existence of TGUPP is not useful. Even though in fact there has not been a significant impact from the performance of the TGUPP which consists of 73 people during one year of Anes Baswedan's government in Jakarta, it has not yet been seen.

Graph 33. Methods of Submitting Complaints Selected by DKI Jakarta Residents

Another issue that is assessed from the existence of an effective and efficient government bureaucracy is the extent to which the organization can respond to complaints and problems experienced by the community. In the era of BTP leadership, they were quite familiar with the style of receiving citizen complaints directly at the city hall and immediately handling them right away as a responsive effort to resolve and serve residents' complaints. Anies Baswedan did a different thing by not doing the same thing when Basuki Tjahaja Purnama led Jakarta. In a survey conducted by the Populi Center it is also clear that submitting complaints directly to the City Hall is the second most preferred method by the people of Jakarta with 27.8 percent. In the first rank, the chosen method of submitting complaints is directly to the RT/RW/other government apparatus with a percentage reaching 42.3 percent. The remaining 15.0 percent of the public chose to submit complaints through QLUE and 9.5 percent through social media (see Graph 34).

Graph 34. The Need for the Governor of DKI Jakarta to Accept Citizens' Aspirations at City Hall

Most of the people of DKI Jakarta also still think that there is a need for a policy to accept aspirations at City Hall, as was done during the era of Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. There were around 88.3 percent of the public who considered the policy necessary and only around 9.9 percent who considered it unnecessary (see Graph 34).

Graph 35. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government's Response in Handling Community Complaints/Complaints

In general, the assessment of the people of Jakarta related to the response to handling public complaints/complaints by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta is fairly good, there are 75.3 percent who think it is good and there are only 16.5 percent who think it is bad. This illustrates that during the transitional period of up to one year of Anies Baswedan's administration in DKI Jakarta, even though there was no policy of receiving complaints at City Hall, the public still assessed the response of the Provincial Government to handling complaints from the public.

Graph 36. Views of the Jakarta Community Regarding the Simultaneous Dismissal of Four Mayors

Then during the reign of Governor Anies Baswedan, he also drew various pros and cons with the policy of dismissing four mayors simultaneously in DKI Jakarta. It appears as if Governor Anies is cleaning up the DKI Jakarta Pemprov bureaucracy. Even so, only around 17.3 percent of the public considered that the policy was not in accordance with procedures, and there were 5.5 percent of the public who considered this condition to have political nuances. Meanwhile, 26.7 percent of the public considered that the policy was in accordance with procedures, and another 25.3 percent considered that this was the right and authority of Anies Baswedan as governor.

Anies had reaped controversy in the field of bureaucratic reform when he removed and rotated 16 officials consisting of 11 echelon II officials and 5 echelon III officials. KASN (State Civil Apparatus Commission) which has the duty to oversee the basic norms, code of ethics, and code of conduct of ASN had questioned the reasons for the removal of the 16 officials who were deemed to have no clear reasons. In addition to this controversy, the impact of the massive reshuffle within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government also resulted in many vacant office head positions and had to be filled by Acting (task executors). There are 12 SKPD led by Plt which includes the Office of Communication and Information, the Office of Tourism and Culture, the Office of Highways, the Office of Education, the Office of Health, the Office of Housing, the Agency for National Unity and Politics, the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), the Regional Civil Service Agency, Forestry Service, Transportation Service, and Industry and Energy Service.

The appointment of service heads is indeed within the authority of Anies as Governor, but it appears that the policies taken are loaded with political elements. Even though the narrative that conveyed this massive reshuffle was because the performance of several officials was considered not optimal, the agenda was still far from the values of reform in the bureaucracy. It can be seen that there is no structured planning, such as by holding a job auction so that the positions left behind are quickly filled by definitive officials to pursue efficiency and effectiveness at the start of the administration in the Anies era. On the other hand, there were actually 12 SKPD led by Plt. Of course this made it difficult for Jakarta at the beginning of the Anies era to accelerate and innovate. This is due to the nature of the Plt who holds multiple positions, making it very difficult to focus and carry out innovative and massive work. Often the Plt's work only carries out coordination functions and basic routine tasks. This was also criticized by several members of the legislature in the DPRD DKI Jakarta Province. It seems that Anies still doesn't believe that several officials in DKI Jakarta were actually born from a strict meritocracy system in the Basuki Tjahaja Purnama era, which should be accountable in terms of capacity. As a result, Jakarta has retreated backwards in its bureaucratic reform agenda.

Closing

The political narrative appears to be more dominant than the technocratic narrative during the one year of Anies' administration in Jakarta. Starting from the Anies Baswedan era RPJMD for 2017-2022 which is based on 23 campaign promises. The basis for preparing the RPJMD is quite unusual in Indonesia, because in general RPJMD is prepared through various analyzes such as location quotient, dynamic location quotient, shift share analysis, Klassen typology and so on to see the competitive and comparative advantages of a region which reflects the technocratic style of a document. development Planning. This is what makes the pattern of policy differences between Anies and the previous governor.

By not referring to development analysis such as some of the analyzes that have been presented above, the policies implemented will have the potential not to be able to optimally encourage development in Jakarta. This is because promises are only based on political rationality which is often not based on a comprehensive rational analysis. This made it seem as if Anies was only trying to pay off political promises and continue a program that was already running well. On the other hand, the results of a survey conducted by the Populi Center regarding the first year of Anies' government in Jakarta show that the people of Jakarta are still carried away by the atmosphere of the honey moon period, so that constituents' trust in the candidates they support is still high. This is coupled with the aspect of sound amplification in Jakarta approaching the 2019 Presidential Election.

It appears that the style of policy that has been carried out by Anies Baswedan is also thick with an incremental model rather than a comprehensive rational model. Some examples are the management policy for the Tanah Abang area, OK trip, the policy for replacing several officials within the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government. These conditions are the result of the DKI Jakarta RPJMD 2017-2022 which also relies too much on 23 political promises. Many things that have happened so far in Anies Baswedan's government have shown that Anies is not a technocrat who is good at managing DKI Jakarta, which has high complexity. Coupled with the potential for the relocation of the National Capital from Jakarta to outside Java, it must also be analyzed whether there will be a negative impact for DKI Jakarta. In practice, Anies will only be supported by programs that have actually been running well since the previous Governor's term. Meanwhile, on the other hand, of the new programs that he tried to bring to Jakarta, none of them went as well as the innovative or breakthrough programs brought by the previous Governor. Even though the people of Jakarta still value Anies' good performance during the first year in DKI Jakarta, it seems that it will be very difficult to hope that there will be new policy breakthroughs in Jakarta that will also be implemented well. Such as policies in the transportation sector (Busway, MRT, and KRL), flood management, bureaucratic reform, education and health (KJP and KJS) and so on, which were initiated by the previous governor and went well.

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