{"id":2034,"date":"2019-10-23T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T04:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/?p=2034"},"modified":"2021-12-10T12:22:35","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T05:22:35","slug":"kontradiksi-dalam-sebuah-bangsa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2019\/10\/23\/kontradiksi-dalam-sebuah-bangsa\/","title":{"rendered":"Contradictions within a nation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2034\" class=\"elementor elementor-2034\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-697b2c96 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"697b2c96\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" 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Survei<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-25df70e9 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"25df70e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5fc3ee6a\" data-id=\"5fc3ee6a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-686812f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"686812f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontradiksi dalam sebuah bangsa<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3236bf8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3236bf8e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7227bf93\" data-id=\"7227bf93\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17b13db4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17b13db4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sebagai bangsa yang dibangun atas dasar komunitas yang beragam dan memiliki rentang geografi kepulauan yang luas, Indonesia secara alami dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan, mulai dari isu kemiskinan, keadilan pembangunan, ketimpangan antar daerah, dan berbagai kontradiksi sejenis lainnya. Kondisi atas isu-isu tersebut membuat kita patut untuk melakukan refleksi, apa yang salah dari bangsa ini? sudah tepatkah tata kelola pemerintahan kita hari ini? sudahkah kita menjadikan Indonesia sebagai proyek bersama?<\/p><p>Untuk itu Forum Populi pada hari Senin tanggal 23 September 2019 mengangkat diskusi dengan tema \u201dA Nation in Contradiction\u201d. Diskusi ini menghadirkan narasumber Dr. Riwanto Tirtosudarmo yang merupakan mantan peneliti senior di Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia.<\/p><p>Pada awal diskusi, Riwanto menyampaikan beberapa kontradiksi di Indonesia. Hal pertama yang paling mendasar ialah kegandrungan bangsa kita untuk menyandingkan kata Persatuan dan kata Kesatuan. Dua kata penting ini sering diucapkan bersamaan, padahal keduanya memiliki makna dan implikasi yang saling bertentangan. Di satu sisi kata persatuan menekankan pada\u00a0proses penyatuan berbagai hal yang beragam, yang di dalamnya terkandung unsur pengakuan terhadap perbedaan dan heterogenitas. Di sisi lain kata kesatuan menekankan pada konsep\u00a0keharusan untuk satu\u00a0dalam konteks\u00a0keseragaman. Ketika kedua kata ini dirangkai menjadi Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, disinilah letak kontradiksinya; sebagai negara (state) yang berlaku ialah kesatuan, sementara di masyarakat\/bangsa (nation) dengan segala keragamannya, yang ditekankan ialah persatuan.<\/p><p>Di awal kemerdekaan, ketika bangsa ini hendak merumuskan bentuk negara, para pemimpin dari kelompok nasionalis atau yang sering disebut sebagai kaum republik, menempatkan nasionalisme yang memberi pengakuan pada perbedaan politik dan bukan keseragaman politik. Oleh sebab itu muncul gagasan tentang federalisme sebagai bentuk negara. Sistem federal ini pernah diterapkan dalam bingkai Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS) beberapa tahun setelah proklamasi kemerdekaan. Hanya saja federalisme kemudian menjadi gagasan yang bertentangan dengan semangat nasionalisme pada masa itu. Federalisme dianggap sebagai strategi Belanda untuk memecahbelah pergerakan kaum nasionalis. Sejak saat itu, gagasan tentang federalisme tidak lagi menjadi wacana yang diperbincangkan dengan jernih.<\/p><p>Di era kepemimpinan Sukarno, persatuan dan kesatuan memang digaungkan dalam rangka mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Namun tahun-tahun berikutnya setelah adanya pengakuan kedaulatan oleh Belanda, persatuan dan kesatuan tidak sepenuhnya mewujud, ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai ketidakpuasan daerah yang berujung pada beberapa pemberontakan. Presiden Sukarno pada tahun 1959 bahkan mengeluarkan Dekrit Presiden yang isinya membubarkan Dewan Konsitutante, dewan yang terbentuk hasil dari pemilu demokratis yakni pemilu 1955. Pada titik inilah terjadi kontradiksi pertama, yaitu penguburan aspirasi politik yang beragam hasil pemilu demokratis.<\/p><p>Di era kepresidenan Soeharto, birokrasi negara dikelola dengan melibatkan campur tangan militer, dimana jargon persatuan dan kesatuan digunakan sebagai kontrol efektif terhadap berbagai hal yang dipandang berbahaya. Inilah yang menjadi kontradiksi selanjutnya, dimana beragam pandangan yang hidup di masyarakat yang dianggap dapat menganggu keamanan dan kenyamanan hidup, direpresi dan dipinggirkan.<\/p><p>Dalam beberapa hal, kondisi tersebut masih terjadi di era paska Orde Baru, meskipun tidak secara langsung dilakukan oleh organisasi bernama negara. Demokratisasi yang terjadi di Indonesia tidak membuat kelompok-kelompok minoritas terpenuhi hak-haknya, seperti penganut kepercayaan, kelompok agama minoritas, masyarakat adat, dan lain-lain. Kelompok-kelompok ini bahkan terancam oleh kelompok lain yang dominan dan menghegemoni secara politik dalam sistem negara kesatuan.<\/p><p>Menurut Riwanto, isu-isu kelompok minoritas seperti disebut di atas dapat tersalurkan dengan memperbaiki tata kelola pemerintahan dan politik kita dalam bingkai federalisme. Sayangnya, seperti di era-era sebelumnya, gagasan federalisme yang sempat muncul di awal reformasi yang disuarakan beberapa kelompok intelektual, dengan cepat menguap seiring dengan kuatnya jargon \u2018NKRI harga mati\u2019. Beberapa orang yang dulu pernah mewacanakan gagasan ini diperkirakan mendapat ancaman dari kelompok tertentu. Kekakuan berpikir seperti inilah yang menyebabkan wacana federalisme tidak pernah berkembang.<\/p><p>Di akhir diskusi, Riwanto menekankan pentingya membuka ruang dialog yang lebih luas tentang Indonesia sebagai negara-bangsa. Dirinya juga menyayangkan masih minimnya ruang dialog secara akademis yang serius mendiskusikan persoalan tersebut.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2ca2c5 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-minimal elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"f2ca2c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Bagikan di facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" 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data-id=\"3e7e2432\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>@ Populi Center 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sebagai bangsa yang dibangun atas dasar komunitas yang beragam dan memiliki rentang geografi kepulauan yang luas, Indonesia secara alami dihadapkan dengan berbagai tantangan, mulai dari isu kemiskinan, keadilan pembangunan, ketimpangan antar daerah, dan berbagai kontradiksi sejenis lainnya. Kondisi atas isu-isu tersebut membuat kita patut untuk melakukan refleksi, apa yang salah dari bangsa ini? sudah tepatkah [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2035,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum-populi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2034"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3388,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2034\/revisions\/3388"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}