{"id":1735,"date":"2021-11-25T11:08:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T04:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/?p=1735"},"modified":"2022-01-13T23:17:05","modified_gmt":"2022-01-13T16:17:05","slug":"presidensialisme-multipartai-dan-pengaruhnya-terhadap-penanganan-pandemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2021\/11\/25\/presidensialisme-multipartai-dan-pengaruhnya-terhadap-penanganan-pandemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiparty presidentialism and its effects on pandemic Management"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1735\" class=\"elementor elementor-1735\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22382393 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed 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menu-item-has-children menu-item-1232\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Publikasi<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-785\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/annual-report\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Annual Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8261\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/buku-populi-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Buku Populi<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/laporan-keuangan\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Laporan Keuangan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/policy-brief\/\" 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Survei<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44298df8 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"44298df8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c0e7439\" data-id=\"4c0e7439\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac93ffc elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ac93ffc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Presidensialisme Multipartai dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penanganan Pandemi<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70f885cd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70f885cd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-626fcdbb\" data-id=\"626fcdbb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f936157 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f936157\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kondisi multipartai di Indonesia bisa saja menjadi penghambat proses akselerasi penanganan pandemi atau kondisi kedaruratan yang membutuhkan tindakan cepat. Terlebih jika kondisi fragmentasi partai politik yang begitu besar sehingga selalu dibutuhkan lobi-lobi politik dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan. Lantas, bagaimana sistem presidensial multipartai mempengaruhi kebijakan penanganan pandemi? <\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Populi Center membahasnya dalam Forum Populi dengan tema \u201cPresidensialisme Multipartai dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Penanganan Pandemi\u201d, Kamis (25\/11). Diskusi diselenggarakan secara daring melalui aplikasi zoom dan platform YouTube. Diskusi yang dipandu oleh Rafif Imawan (Peneliti Populi Center) menghadirkan tiga narasumber, Ramlan Surbakti (Guru Besar Ilmu Politik, Universitas Airlangga), Djayadi Hanan (Dosen, Universitas Paramadina), dan Hurriyah (Dosen Ilmu Politik, Universitas Indonesia).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Pada awal diskusi, Ramlan Surbakti (Guru Besar Ilmu Politik, Universitas Airlangga), menyampaikan dalam kondisi extraordinary seperti Covid-19, diperlukan kebijakan yang cepat dan tegas. Menurutnya, tidak ada perbedaan antara negara demokrasi dan otoritarian yang signifikansi dalam penanganan Covid-19. \u201cArtinya masing-masing memiliki faktor keberhasilan dan kegagalannya sendiri\u201d, jelasnya.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Dalam kondsi darurat seperti ini, menurutnya diperlukan kepemimpinan dalam kebijakan yang terpusat. Meskipun dalam implementasinya ada peran dari pemerintah daerah. Ramlan lebih jauh menyoroti persoalan sistem multipartai. Ia mengkritik peran partai yang minim dalam membuat dan mengawal kebijakan. \u201cBanyak partai yang orientasinya tidak pada policy tetapi lebih banyak pada persoalan teknis seperti ikut dalam pelaksanaan vaksinasi, padahal itu bukan tugas pokok partai politik\u201d, ungkapnya. Selain itu, Guru Besar Ilmu Politik Universitas Airlangga tersebut juga menyoroti persoalan implementasi dari kebijakan yang masih lemah. \u201cSalah satu contoh, tingkat kepatuhan masyarakat yang masih rendah terhadap protokol kesehatan Covid-19 dan peran pemerintah yang kurang tegas\u201d, tuturnya.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ramlan menjelaskan bahwa memang idealnya jumlah partai politik di Indonesia cukup enam partai paling banyak, namun dalam persoalan penanganan pandemi Covid-19, persoalan bukan pada sistem multipartai di Indonesia akan tetapi pada implementasi kebijakan yang belum maksimal. Ia juga menyoroti kinerja legislatif yang seharusnya lebih banyak bekerja dalam membuat peraturan perundangan-undangan.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Narasumber kedua, Hurriyah (Dosen Ilmu Politik, Universitas Indonesia) menjelaskan problem sistem presidensial dengan multipartai setidaknya ada pada tiga persoalan besar yaitu presidensialisme semu, executive policy unreliability dan Politik pandemik. Lebih lanjut dalam menyoroti dampak dari kondisi presidensialisme semu atau setengah hati, Hurriyah menjelaskan setidaknya ada empat dampak. Pertama, kesulitan untuk membangun format kabinet yang berdasarkan visi misi dan program. Kedua, Presiden tidak punya kewenangan penuh mengatur dan menjalankan roda pemerintahan. Ketiga, efektifitas pemerintahan tidak berjalan baik akibat persoalan relasi kuasa dan politik akomodatif. Keempat. Relasi kuasa antara eksekutif dan legislatif diwarnai oleh kecenderungan legislative heavy. \u201cTerdapat paradoks antara reformasi presidensialisme dan praktik realpolitik presidensialisme di<br \/>Indonesia\u201d, ungkapnya.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Lebih lanjut, Hurriyah menjelaskan konsekuensi dari presidensialisme membuat lembaga legislatif sebagai salah satu kekuatan politik biasanya jauh lebih otonom. Akibatnya, dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan kompromi dan negosiasi dengan lembaga legislatif menjadi tidak dapat terhindarkan. \u201cDi Indonesia, praktik presidensialisme semu berimplikasi pada munculnya potensi executive policy unreliability, termasuk dalam penanganan pandemi dan kondisi ini dapat memunculkan ketidakpercayaan publik\u201d, ungkapnya.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Hurriyah kembali mengingatkan pentingnya penguatan praktik sistem presidensial terutama dalam pengambilan kebijakan pada situasi darurat seperti Covid-19 ini. \u201cPraktik kombinasi sistem presidensialmultipartai bukan hanya berdampak pada terbentuknya presidensialisme semu dan pemerintahan koalisi gemuk, tetapi juga berpotensi memunculkan persoalan unreliability dalam pengambilan kebijakan eksekutif\u201d, pungkasnya. Ia juga mengkritik persoalan koalisi multipartai yang lebih menonjolkan politik traksaksional.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Sedikit berbeda dengan Hurriyah, Djayadi Hanan (Dosen, Universitas Paramadina) menuturkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 seperti eksperimen natural untuk menguji kesahihan masing-masing model sistem pemerintahan berbagai negara di dunia secara serempak. Djayadi bertutur bahwa \u201cTidak ada signifikansi perbedaan antara model pemerintahan didunia dalam menangani pandemi\u201d. Seperti halnya di Indonesia Djayadi menilai bahwa percepatan kebijakan penanganan covid tidak dipengaruhi persoalan presidensial dengan multipartai. \u201cTidak ada korelasi yang kuat antar sistem pemerintahan presdiensian multipartai terhadap penanganan pandemic covid 19\u201d, jelasnya.<\/p><p><br \/>Meskipun demikian, Ia sepakat dengan Ramlan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi penanganan Covid-19 lebih pada di luar faktor multipartai seperti persoalan kepemimpinan, kapasitas pemerintah, kedisiplinan masyarakat, dan stabilitas politik. Pada akhir diskusi, Djayadi mengingatkan pentingnya membangun stabilitas politik dalam situasi pandemi Covid-19 saat ini. Koalisi bukan pada jumlah partainya, namun pada persoalan kualitasnya, karena koalisi tetap diperlukan sebagai konsekuensi dari sistem prseidensial multipartai. Meskipun demikian ia memberi catatan bahwa kecenderungan partai politik adalah mengikuti pemerintah (berkoalisi). \u201cMenjadi koalisi secara kalkulasi politik lebih menguntungkan daripada oposisi\u201d, ungkapnya.<\/p><p>Contact Person<br \/>Jefri Adriansyah \/ 0852-1653-7088<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b5b79f6 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-minimal elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"2b5b79f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on 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data-id=\"1859bedf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>@ Populi Center 2021<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kondisi multipartai di Indonesia bisa saja menjadi penghambat proses akselerasi penanganan pandemi atau kondisi kedaruratan yang membutuhkan tindakan cepat. Terlebih jika kondisi fragmentasi partai politik yang begitu besar sehingga selalu dibutuhkan lobi-lobi politik dalam setiap pengambilan keputusan. Lantas, bagaimana sistem presidensial multipartai mempengaruhi kebijakan penanganan pandemi? \u00a0 Populi Center membahasnya dalam Forum Populi dengan tema [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forum-populi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1735"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3004,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1735\/revisions\/3004"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1736"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1735"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1735"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1735"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}