{"id":2405,"date":"2020-06-04T17:33:00","date_gmt":"2020-06-04T10:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/?p=2405"},"modified":"2023-05-24T21:15:42","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T14:15:42","slug":"article-review-the-tragedy-of-the-commons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2020\/06\/04\/article-review-the-tragedy-of-the-commons\/","title":{"rendered":"Article Review: The Tragedy of the Commons"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2405\" class=\"elementor elementor-2405\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-937849b elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"937849b\" 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Survei<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56a6eff1 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56a6eff1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d03f91e\" data-id=\"6d03f91e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1024b41e elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"1024b41e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-07d5219 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2020\/06\/04\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>4 June 2020<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5093266e elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5093266e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Article Review: The Tragedy of the Commons<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27d3788d\" data-id=\"27d3788d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-146a28bc elementor-author-box--layout-image-left elementor-author-box--align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"146a28bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Mbak-Darin-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of Darin Atiandina\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDarin Atiandina\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76c74967 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76c74967\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74aedd18\" data-id=\"74aedd18\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e3e33 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e3e33\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c8bca8\" data-id=\"3c8bca8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffe606d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ffe606d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/illustration-public-domain-tragedy.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2406\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/illustration-public-domain-tragedy.jpg 350w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/illustration-public-domain-tragedy-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d350aa\" data-id=\"6d350aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a26d3d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a26d3d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Tragedy of The Commons<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec9ab2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec9ab2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Penulis\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : Garret Hardin<\/p><p>Tahun Terbit \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 : 1968<\/p><p>Penerbit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 : American Assosiation for the Advancement of Science<\/p><p>Jumlah Halaman : 6<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c0c609 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20c0c609\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-bookmark\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M336 0H48C21.49 0 0 21.49 0 48v464l192-112 192 112V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 428.43l-144-84-144 84V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h276c3.314 0 6 2.683 6 5.996V428.43z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d7b7a09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d7b7a09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Artikel berjudul <i>The Tragedy of Commons<\/i>yang ditulis oleh Garret Hardin secara garis besar berbicara mengenai fenomena populasi manusia yang semakin hari terus mengalami peningkatan, akan tetapi, tidak berbanding lurus dengan sumber daya yang ada di dunia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan populasi tersebut. Seperti apa yang dikatakan Thomas Malthus, Hardin mengibaratkan pertumbuhan penduduk seperti deret ukur (1,2,4,8\u2026), sementara pertumbuhan sumber daya sama seperti deret hitung (1,2,3,4,5\u2026). Yang artinya, jumlah manusia yang hidup di bumi terus bertambah di tengah pertumbuhan sumber daya yang terbatas.<br \/><br \/>Sama seperti judul artikel yang ditulisnya, <i>tragedy<\/i>, menurut Hardin seluruh sumber daya di dunia akan berakhir dengan tragedi. Hardin memberi contoh dengan meminta pembacanya membayangkan sebuah padang rumput terbuka. Padang rumput ini yang disebut Hardin sebagai sumber daya bersama atau <i>commons<\/i>. Hardin mengatakan tragedi akan terjadi begitu para penggembala mengetahui hewan ternak mereka bisa secara bebas memakan rumput di padang tersebut. Para penggembala akan mulai berdatangan membawa ternak pula. Keesokan harinya, para penggembala itu datang lagi dengan jumlah ternak yang lebih banyak. Kedatangan penggembala dan ternak akan terus berulang dan jumlahnya akan terus bertambah sampai akhirnya rumput di padang itu habis, berakhir punah karena tidak sanggup lagi menanggung beban populasi ternak.<br \/><br \/>Hardin mengatakan alasan para penggembala membawa ternak sebanyak-banyaknya ke padang rumput tersebut karena setiap individu memiliki kebebasan serta tendensi untuk memaksimalkan sesuatu yang mereka rasa membawa manfaat secara langsung ke kehidupan mereka. Kemudian, individu juga cenderung berpikir, apabila padang rumput itu habis atau rusak, semua penggembala akan menanggung akibatnya secara bersama -\u2013kehabisan makan ternak secara bersama. Pada titik inilah cerita tragedi atau ketidakbahagiaan itu muncul, yaitu ketika tambahan aktivitas pada sumber daya, berakhir dengan kerugian pada semua.<br \/><br \/><\/p><blockquote><p style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\"><em>Each man is locked into a system that compels him to increase his herd without limit\u2014in a world that is limit. Ruin is the destination toward which all men rush, each pursuing his own best interest in a society that believes in the freedom of the commons.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><br \/><br \/>Ilustrasi penggembala, ternak, dan kehancuran padang rumput ini jadi contoh bagaimana pertambahan populasi manusia akan menghancurkan sumber daya di dunia. Menurut Hardin, kebebasan seseorang untuk berkembang biak dan mengeksploitasi sumber daya untuk memenuhi kepentingan individu pada akhirnya akan menimbulkan kehancuran yang dirasakan oleh banyak orang.<br \/><br \/>Selama membaca tulisan Hardin soal populasi dan kehancuran sumber daya, yang teringat di otak saya adalah film <i>Avenger: Invinity wars<\/i>. Thanos, salah satu karakter antagonis dalam film garapan marvel tersebut menginginkan agar 50 persen populasi di alam semesta ini punah. Alasan Thanos melakukan rencana jahatnya itu adalah karena alam semesta ini memiliki sumber daya yang terbatas, sementara populasi terus bertambah. Sama seperti Hardin, menurut Thanos, masalah overpopulasi ini akan mengakibatkan kehancuran. Bagi Thanos, membantai setengah populasi di dunia akan membuat setengah populasi lainnya selamat serta sejahtera memaksimalkan sumber daya yang ada. <br \/><br \/>Berbeda dengan Thanos, bagi Hardin masalah populasi dan kehacuran sumber daya ini masuk ke dalam kategori <i>\u2018no technical solution\u2019<\/i> alias tidak bisa diselesaikan dengan solusi-solusi teknis. <i>\u201cThey think that farming the seas, or developing new strains of wheat will solve the problem\u2014technologically. The problem cannot be solved in technical way, any more than can the problem of winning the game of tick-tack-toe,\u201d<\/i> ungkap Hardin.<br \/><br \/>Satu-satunya cara yang mungkin bisa dilakukan atau mengurangi dampak kenacuran paling tidak, menurut Hardin adalah dengan mengurangi atau menghilangkan kebebasan tersebut. Hardin kemudian memunculkan ide tentang peran pemerintah untuk mengatur kebebasan tersebut atau pengalihan kepemilikan sumber daya tersebut menjadi sumber daya kepemilikan (privatisasi). Kemudian muncul ide lainnya yakni menerbitkan tata aturan yang memaksa atau mekanisme pajak bagi pengguna sumber daya tersebut. Tanpa tata aturan tersebut, maka sumber daya akan berakhir kehancuran.<br \/><br \/>Sayangnya, solusi dari Hardin di atas tidak seefektif solusi yang dilakukan Thanos. Walau telah diterapkan di banyak tempat, namun tidak sepenuhnya menjadi jalan keluar yang efektif. Krisis hutan gundul, krisis ikan, serta berbagai bentuk perebutan dan konflik sumberdaya di Indonesia jadi bukti ketidakberdayaan pengelolaan sumber daya melalui negara.<br \/><br \/>Kritik terhadap <i>tragedy of commons<\/i> \u2013 Hardin pun berdatangan, salah satu pengkritik Hardin yang paling terkenal adalah Elnor Ostrom. Dia adalah seorang ekonom perempuan Amerika Serikat yang menerima hadiah nobel di bidang ekonomi pada 2009. Kritik pertama yang disampaikan Ostrom terhadap Hardin adalah padang rumput yang diilustrasikan Hardin tidak ada dalam dunia nyata. Menurut Ostrom, akan lebih tepat jika padang rumput Hardin disebut sebagai padang bebas akses dan sumber daya bersama <i>(commons)<\/i>,<br \/><br \/>Ostrom mengatakan, dalam dunia nyata apa yang disebutnya sebagai <i>commons<\/i> itu selalu punya batas. Batasan ini diatur oleh sekelompok masyarakat yang merupakan pengelola commons tersebut. Batasan tersebut ditentukan lewat berbagai macam aturan dan bertujuan untuk menciptaka kesetaraan pemanfaatan oleh para anggotanya. Batasan serta aturan ini pula yang sekaligus memastikan keberlanjutan sumber daya bersama tersebut.<br \/><br \/>Selain itu, Ostrom juga menilai solusi yang diberikan Hardin, yakni pengelolaan sumber daya harus diserahkan kepada negara dan swasta keliru. Hal ini disebabkan karena teori Hardin mengabaikan keberadaan berbagai institusi masyarakat yang berfungsi untuk menata pemanfaatan sumberdaya tersebut. Padahal, commons itu sendiri artinya adalah kepemilikan secara bersama, dia mengakui kepemilikan secara kolektif bukan tanpa kepemilikan sama sekali atau bebas.<br \/><br \/>Ostrom dan banyak peneliti lainnya membuktikan peran masyarakat dalam penataan sumber daya bersama tersebut lewat puluhan penelitian selama puluhan tahun. Salah satu bukunya yang terkenal berisi keberhasilan kelompok masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya berjudul <i>\u2018Governing the Commons\u2019<\/i>. Di buku ini, Ostrom mendokumentasikan berbagai contoh keberhasilan kelompok masyarakat di Swiss, Jepang, dan Filipina dalam mengelola sumber daya alam secara kolektif.<br \/><br \/>Ostrom menekankan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya bersama berbasis masyarakat, ada 8 prinsip yang harus diterapkan. Delapan prinsip ini bertujuan agar sumber daya bersama dapat diatur secara berkelanjutan dan adil. Yang pertama, adalah menentukan batasaan grup secara jelas. Kedua, menyesuaikan aturan soal penggunaan sumber daya umum dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi setempat. Ketiga, semua yang terpengaruh oleh aturan tersebut harus dipastikan bisa berpartisipasi dalam memodifikasi aturan. <br \/><br \/>Keempat, otoritas luar atau pemerintah harus menghormati peraturan yang dibuat oleh masyarakat. Kelima, pengelola harus membuat sistem yang memantau perilaku setiap anggota, dan dilakukan oleh anggota pengelola pula. Keenam, harus ada sanksi bertahap untuk para pelanggar aturan. Ketujuh, harus ada sarana yang terjangkau dan murah untuk menyelesaikan eprselisihan. Kedelapan atau yang terakhir, masyarakat harus bisa membangun tanggung jawab untuk mengatur sumber daya bersama di ikatan masyarakat yang paling rendan supaya seluruh sistem bisa saling berhubungan.<br \/><br \/>Sebagai penutup, Ostrom menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat tidak seperti para penggembala seperti apa yang dikemukakan Hardin. Mereka bisa diajak untuk berdiskusi, bekerjasama, membentuk aturan secara kolektif untuk melindungi sumber daya yang mereka miliki. Masyarakat bukan makhluk yang hanya memikirkan diri sendiri dan memiliki akal sehat untuk mempertimbangkan keberlanjutan sumber daya.<br \/><br \/><\/p><h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Referensi:<\/h5><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Hardin, Garret. 1968. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science, New Series, Vol. 162, No 3589. American Association for the Advancement of Science.<br \/>Ostrom, Elinor. 2011. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institution for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.<br \/>https:\/\/geotimes.co.id\/kolom\/tragedi-hardin-kritik-ostrom-dan-demokrasi-indonesia\/<br \/>https:\/\/www.onthecommons.org\/magazine\/elinor-ostroms-8-principles-managing-commmons<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e66a2a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e66a2a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a9300\" data-id=\"5a9300\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56256727 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56256727\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container 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elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"55f7fc32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6475fb4a\" data-id=\"6475fb4a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c279992 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c279992\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-74db4e25\" data-id=\"74db4e25\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-782b0d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"782b0d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikuti Info Rana Pustaka\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-525f3a50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"525f3a50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Terbaru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section 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1968<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":2406,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2405","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rana-pustaka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2405"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7343,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2405\/revisions\/7343"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2406"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2405"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2405"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2405"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}