{"id":2706,"date":"2020-12-17T14:53:00","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T07:53:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/?p=2706"},"modified":"2023-05-22T15:04:30","modified_gmt":"2023-05-22T08:04:30","slug":"membaca-masyarakat-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2020\/12\/17\/membaca-masyarakat-indonesia\/","title":{"rendered":"Reading Indonesian Society"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2706\" class=\"elementor elementor-2706\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3aa806c6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"3aa806c6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" id=\"stickyheaders\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3df1e681\" data-id=\"3df1e681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49a51624 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"49a51624\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\">\n\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"342\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-1024x438.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-large size-large wp-image-5712\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-1024x438.png 1024w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-1536x657.png 1536w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Populi-Center-Baru-Ok-2048x876.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12905db7\" data-id=\"12905db7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e72e602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"1e72e602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\njQuery(document).ready(function($){\nvar mywindow = $(window);\nvar mypos = mywindow.scrollTop();\nmywindow.scroll(function() {\nif (mypos > 40) {\nif(mywindow.scrollTop() > mypos)\n{\n$('#stickyheaders').addClass('headerup');\n}\nelse\n{\n$('#stickyheaders').removeClass('headerup');\n}\n}\nmypos = mywindow.scrollTop();\n});\n});\n<\/script>\n<style>\n#stickyheaders{\n-webkit-transition: transform 0.34s ease;\ntransition : transform 0.34s ease;\n}\n.headerup{\ntransform: translateY(-110px); \/*adjust this value to the height of your header*\/\n}\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2f4a450c\" data-id=\"2f4a450c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-171ef634 elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--stretch elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"171ef634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;full_width&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i aria-hidden=\\&quot;true\\&quot; class=\\&quot;\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-text e--animation-grow\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-171ef634\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Beranda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1228\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Tentang Kami<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/profil\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Profil<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/tim-kerja\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Tim Kerja<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1230\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Program<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5465\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/beasiswa-populi-center\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Beasiswa Populi Center<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-775\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/forum-populi\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Forum Populi<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/post-covid-governance-initiative-ppcgi\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Populi Post COVID-19 Governance Initiative (PPCGI)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/riset-indonesia-timur-tenggara\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Riset Indonesia Timur-Tenggara<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/jawa-barat-banten\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Riset Jawa Barat &#038; Banten<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/menulis-dki-jakarta\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Riset Menulis DKI Jakarta<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1232\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\">Publikasi<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-785\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/annual-report\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Annual Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8261\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/buku-populi-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Buku Populi<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/laporan-keuangan\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Laporan Keuangan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/policy-brief\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Policy Brief<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8409\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/populi-update\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Populi Update<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7705\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/opini\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Opini<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-610\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/rana-pustaka\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Rana Pustaka<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6057\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/rilis-survei\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Rilis Survei<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-menu-bar\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M104 333H896C929 333 958 304 958 271S929 208 896 208H104C71 208 42 237 42 271S71 333 104 333ZM104 583H896C929 583 958 554 958 521S929 458 896 458H104C71 458 42 487 42 521S71 583 104 583ZM104 833H896C929 833 958 804 958 771S929 708 896 708H104C71 708 42 737 42 771S71 833 104 833Z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-close\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M742 167L500 408 258 167C246 154 233 150 217 150 196 150 179 158 167 167 154 179 150 196 150 212 150 229 154 242 171 254L408 500 167 742C138 771 138 800 167 829 196 858 225 858 254 829L496 587 738 829C750 842 767 846 783 846 800 846 817 842 829 829 842 817 846 804 846 783 846 767 842 750 829 737L588 500 833 258C863 229 863 200 833 171 804 137 775 137 742 167Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-171ef634\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-138\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Beranda<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1228\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tentang Kami<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-150\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/profil\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Profil<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/tim-kerja\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tim Kerja<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1230\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Program<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5465\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/beasiswa-populi-center\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Beasiswa Populi Center<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-775\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/forum-populi\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Forum Populi<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/post-covid-governance-initiative-ppcgi\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Populi Post COVID-19 Governance Initiative (PPCGI)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/riset-indonesia-timur-tenggara\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Riset Indonesia Timur-Tenggara<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/jawa-barat-banten\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Riset Jawa Barat &#038; Banten<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/menulis-dki-jakarta\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Riset Menulis DKI Jakarta<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1232\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Publikasi<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-785\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/annual-report\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Annual Report<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8261\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/buku-populi-2\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Buku Populi<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/laporan-keuangan\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Laporan Keuangan<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-805\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/policy-brief\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Policy Brief<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8409\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/populi-update\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Populi Update<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7705\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/opini\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Opini<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-610\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/rana-pustaka\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Rana Pustaka<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6057\"><a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/rilis-survei\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Rilis Survei<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-329650ac elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"329650ac\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e9312a5\" data-id=\"5e9312a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c9f478b elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"5c9f478b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-07d5219 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2020\/12\/17\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-calendar\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M12 192h424c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v260c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V204c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12zm436-44v-36c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48h-48V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H160V12c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v52H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v36c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h424c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>17 December 2020<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7647c6d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7647c6d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Membaca Masyarakat Indonesia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d93abab\" data-id=\"7d93abab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-591d46d8 elementor-author-box--layout-image-left elementor-author-box--align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-author-box\" data-id=\"591d46d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"author-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  class=\"elementor-author-box__avatar\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Mas-Rafif-240x300.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of Rafif Pamenang Imawan\" loading=\"lazy\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-author-box__text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-author-box__name\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRafif Pamenang Imawan\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54293613 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54293613\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d622837\" data-id=\"d622837\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d58d06 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d58d06\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-96c4db3\" data-id=\"96c4db3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab8f44f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ab8f44f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/201126-Rana-Pustaka-Membaca-Masyarakat-Indonesia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2207\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/201126-Rana-Pustaka-Membaca-Masyarakat-Indonesia.jpg 343w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/201126-Rana-Pustaka-Membaca-Masyarakat-Indonesia-193x300.jpg 193w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bec891\" data-id=\"4bec891\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2124488 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2124488\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sistem Sosial Indonesia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-600bdca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"600bdca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Penulis \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 : Nasikun<\/p><p>Penerbit \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 : Rajawali Press<\/p><p>Tahun Penerbit \u00a0 : 2016<\/p><p>Jumlah Halaman : 108 hlm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55194460 elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"55194460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-bookmark\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M336 0H48C21.49 0 0 21.49 0 48v464l192-112 192 112V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 428.43l-144-84-144 84V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h276c3.314 0 6 2.683 6 5.996V428.43z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f996a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f996a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Buku <em>Sistem Sosial Indonesia<\/em> karya Dr. J. Nasikun tidaklah asing bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (Fisipol) apa pun universitasnya. Buku ini terbit pertama kalinya tahun 1984, namun dengan kelebihannya dalam menjelaskan persoalan sistem sosial, buku ini masih menjadi rujukan bagi mahasiswa semester pertama di Fisipol. Buku ini sangat tipis, hanya terdiri dari 108 halaman (versi tahun 2016), serta hanya terdiri dari 5 bab. Pertanyaan utama, mengapa buku tipis ini masih menjadi rujukan, meski persoalan politik kontemporer telah banyak diperbincangkan dari berbagai paradigma, mulai dari Marxisme, Neo-Marxisme, Feminisme, Institusionalisme, New-Institusionalisme, dan banyak lagi. Dugaan saya sangat sederhana, belum ada karya lain yang menjelaskan secara ringkas terkait topik bahasan sistem sosial Indonesia. Dugaan saya yang kedua ada pada telah usangnya bahasan terkait dengan sistem sosial Indonesia, terlebih pendekatan struktural fungsional yang menjadi pendekatan utama dalam buku ini telah lama ditinggalkan atau mengalami pengembangan.<br \/><br \/>Meski demikian, buku ini memiliki banyak kontribusi, terutama bagi para pembaca yang hendak melihat kembali persoalan kebangsaan kita, termasuk menjadi pintu masuk pemahaman teorisasi lanjutan dari struktural fungsional, sebagai contoh teori mengenai modal sosial yang merupakan pengembangan pendekatan struktural fungsional. Bagaimana kita menempatkan kajian dalam buku ini (mengenai sistem sosial Indonesia) dalam konteks kontemporer? Apa yang bisa kita manfaatkan dari karya yang naskah awalnya hampir menyentuh tiga dekade ini?<br \/><br \/><\/p><h5><strong>Titik Tolak Bahasan<\/strong><\/h5><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Buku ini dimulai dari bab 1 yang membahas tujuan dari penyusunan buku. Secara ringkas kajian dalam buku ini hendak melihat faktor-faktor laten apa yang menyebabkan konflik di Indonesia? Pertanyaan lanjutan lainnya, apa yang senantiasa akan menjadi konflik laten bagi konflik yang terjadi di Indonesia di masa mendatang? Tulisan pada bab awal tidaklah panjang, justru pembahasan paling banyak berada di ranah pendekatan teoritis. Pada bab 2, Nasikun coba untuk memberikan penjelasan terkait pendekatan struktural fungsional\/fungsionalisme struktural yang melekat pada sosiolog Amerika Serikat, Talcott Parsons. <br \/><br \/>Pendekatan struktural fungsional menempatkan masyarakat sebagai sebuah sistem yang saling terkait satu dengan lainnya. Sebagai sebuah sistem, maka kaitan antara satu dengan lainnya hanya dapat terbentuk apabila terdapat satu nilai (nilai yang sama) yang dipegang. Nilai tersebut dikenal sebagai norma-norma sosial. Norma (aturan tidak tertulis\/<i>informal institution<\/i>) dalam beberapa hal dapat merupakan aturan yang berasal dari satu kelompok dominan, namun dalam beberapa hal dapat pula merupakan aturan yang berasal dari interaksi antara kelompok yang berbeda. Dalam pandangan pendekatan ini, interaksi antara kelompok dengan identitas berbeda ini disebut dengan afiliasi lintas kelompok (<i>cross-cutting affiliation<\/i>). Interaksi antar kelompok inilah yang kemudian mendorong terbentuknya loyalitas\/aturan lintas kelompok (<i>cross-cutting loyalities<\/i>). <br \/><br \/>Pandangan ini tidaklah mengherankan. Pada awal mula perkembangan ilmu sosial mengambil cara pandang positivisme, sebuah cabang filsafat ilmu pengetahuan yang premis dasarnya memberikan jarak antara obyek dan subyek penelitian, mengadopsi prinsip ilmu pengetahuan alam ke dalam ilmu sosial. Dengan cara pandang ini, maka pendekatan sistem tidak dapat dihindarkan. Individu dilihat pula sebagai sub-sistem atau organisme yang dalam pandangan struktural fungsional terhubung satu dengan lain. <br \/><br \/>Ilustrasi sederhana pandangan ini ada pada gambaran masyarakat kita. Dalam masyarakat kita, terdapat individu yang bekerja sebagai satpam, menteri, tukang kebersihan, tukang sayur, pengusaha elektronik, pedagang makanan, dan ragam profesi lainnya. Bayangkan setiap individu ini sebagai satu organisme. Maka kehidupan baru dapat terbentuk apabila terdapat interaksi antara organisme tersebut. Sistem dapat berjalan apabila setiap ragam profesi tersebut memegang peranannya. Hanya saja patut dipahami bahwa dalam kekuasaan, distribusi otoritas selalu terbatas. Oleh karenanya, perebutan atas distribusi kekuasaan yang terbatas tersebut, tidak jarang menimbulkan benturan (konflik) di dalamnya. <br \/><br \/>Pendekatan struktural fungsional ini dikritik tajam oleh pendekatan konflik yang mengasumsikan bahwa kekuasaan tidak terdistribusi secara merata. Hal ini nampak disadari oleh Nasikun. Hal ini direspon dengan mencoba memberikan pendekatan alternatif terhadap pendekatan yang telah ada, salah satunya adalah dengan cara mengombinasikan antara pendekatan struktural fungsional dan teori terkait dengan konflik untuk membaca sistem sosial di Indonesia. Pendekatan ini tidaklah salah, bagaimanapun juga, teorisasi pada awal pengembangan ilmu politik memang banyak ditekankan oleh pendekatan sistem. Barangkali ini merupakan konsekuensi kuatnya pengaruh disiplin ilmu hukum dalam beberapa fase pengembangan awal disiplin ilmu ini. <br \/><br \/>Dari bab 3 hingga bab 5, para pembaca diajak untuk membaca bagian utama dari buku ini. Tulisan ini membicarakan beberapa aspek sejarah di bagian awal, terutama bagaimana pelayaran hingga perdagangan pada masa kolonialisme yang secara tidak langsung membawa dampak pada majemuknya masyarakat di Indonesia. Dalam paparannya, majemuknya masyarakat tidak diikuti oleh kehendak bersama yang terbentuk. Oleh karenanya Pancasila memiliki peran sebagai pendorong interaksi lintas identitas, serta sebagai salah satu usaha untuk membentuk kehendak bersama tersebut. <br \/>Pada bab 4, pembaca dibawa pada bahasan yang tidak kalah menarik, terkait dengan bagaimana pengaruh dari masyarakat yang majemuk terhadap kepartaian di Indonesia. Pada bagian ini, Nasikun menjelaskan bagaimana pembentukan beberapa partai yang didasarkan oleh beragam isu majemuk tersebut, terdapat partai yang dibentuk atas pengaruh sosialisme, hingga partai yang bernuansa agama seperti partai Kristen atau partai Katolik. Hal ini membawa pada satu bahasan yang menarik, bahwa terdapat dua pemilahan masyarakat yang terbentuk, yakni secara vertikal (berbasiskan kelas sosial) dan secara horizontal (berbasiskan identitas sosial).<br \/><br \/>Uraian ini membawa Nasikun pada bahasan terkait dengan bagaimana membangun identitas dan komitmen bersama bernegara. <br \/>Pada bab 5, Nasikun memberikan bahasan yang menarik terkait dengan model <i>cross cutting affiliation<\/i>, sebagai perangkat untuk menciptakan komitmen bersama. Pada bagian ini, Nasikun memaparkan pentingnya Pancasila sebagai wahana dan prinsip utama untuk mendorong komitmen bersama tersebut pada tataran praktis. Barangkali dapat dikatakan bahwa bab 5 ini merupakan kunci utama dari tulisan Nasikun. Beliau memberikan penawaran model membangun nilai bersama, sebuah pendekatan baru dalam mendekati studi mengenai Pancasila, mengingat studi terkait Pancasila banyak didominasi oleh studi filsafat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-600b8c99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"600b8c99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-69329231\" data-id=\"69329231\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-559b7368 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"559b7368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bagikan Postingan:<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c85275 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"3c85275\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256C504 119 393 8 256 8S8 119 8 256c0 123.78 90.69 226.38 209.25 245V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.28c-30.8 0-40.41 19.12-40.41 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V501C413.31 482.38 504 379.78 504 256z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-whatsapp\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 1.4-32.6-16.3-54-29.1-75.5-66-5.7-9.8 5.7-9.1 16.3-30.3 1.8-3.7.9-6.9-.5-9.7-1.4-2.8-12.5-30.1-17.1-41.2-4.5-10.8-9.1-9.3-12.5-9.5-3.2-.2-6.9-.2-10.6-.2-3.7 0-9.7 1.4-14.8 6.9-5.1 5.6-19.4 19-19.4 46.3 0 27.3 19.9 53.7 22.6 57.4 2.8 3.7 39.1 59.7 94.8 83.8 35.2 15.2 49 16.5 66.6 13.9 10.7-1.6 32.8-13.4 37.4-26.4 4.6-13 4.6-24.1 3.2-26.4-1.3-2.5-5-3.9-10.5-6.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_print\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on print\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-print\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M448 192V77.25c0-8.49-3.37-16.62-9.37-22.63L393.37 9.37c-6-6-14.14-9.37-22.63-9.37H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v160c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64v112c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h320c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-96h48c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V256c0-35.35-28.65-64-64-64zm-64 256H128v-96h256v96zm0-224H128V64h192v48c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h48v96zm48 72c-13.25 0-24-10.75-24-24 0-13.26 10.75-24 24-24s24 10.74 24 24c0 13.25-10.75 24-24 24z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-298ea3be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"298ea3be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3525efb0\" data-id=\"3525efb0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7996c9e2 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7996c9e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-59a2c4c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"59a2c4c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa6088c\" data-id=\"aa6088c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fbc4908 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fbc4908\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b9b6771\" data-id=\"b9b6771\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19065239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19065239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikuti Info Rana Pustaka\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5803e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c5803e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Terbaru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-6368501b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6368501b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ed7211c\" data-id=\"5ed7211c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce440b1 elementor-posts__hover-none elementor-grid-4 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"4ce440b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;pagination_type&quot;:&quot;prev_next&quot;,&quot;cards_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;cards_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;cards_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;cards_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.cards\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-cards elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-9071 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-rana-pustaka tag-buku tag-kpu tag-pemilihan-umum tag-resensi\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2025\/11\/20\/ketika-kuota-saja-tidak-cukup\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu-690x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-9072\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu-690x1024.jpg 690w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu-768x1140.jpg 768w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Inklusivitas-pemilu.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-7035 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-rana-pustaka\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2023\/05\/22\/cara-pandang-perilaku-informasi-melalui-bounded-rationality-theory-2\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"287\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Decision-and-Organization.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7060\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Decision-and-Organization.jpg 287w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Decision-and-Organization-213x300.jpg 213w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Decision-and-Organization-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2781 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-rana-pustaka\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2021\/05\/24\/the-last-samurai\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/The-Last-Samurai_thumbnail.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2241\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-2775 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-rana-pustaka\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__card\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/2021\/05\/19\/politik-kartel-berlawanan-dengan-sistem-kepartaian-yang-kompetitif\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" target=\"_blank\"><div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Cover-Buku-Politik-Kartel.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2217\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Cover-Buku-Politik-Kartel.jpeg 540w, https:\/\/populicenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Cover-Buku-Politik-Kartel-203x300.jpeg 203w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/div><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-load-more-anchor\" data-page=\"1\" data-max-page=\"13\" data-next-page=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2706\/page\/2\/\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-pagination\" aria-label=\"Pagination\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"page-numbers prev\">&laquo; Sebelumnya<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers next\" href=\"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2706\/page\/2\/\">Selanjutnya &raquo;<\/a>\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-13476753 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"13476753\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d1d8a8d\" data-id=\"5d1d8a8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73e239e6 elementor-shape-square elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"73e239e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook-f elementor-animation-pop elementor-repeater-item-993ef04\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/PopuliCenter\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook-f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-facebook-f\" viewBox=\"0 0 320 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-animation-pop elementor-repeater-item-a229ff5\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/populi_center\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-twitter\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-animation-pop elementor-repeater-item-f4f16ac\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/populicenter\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-instagram\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c06aed elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"37c06aed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c24977a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c24977a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Copyright @ Populi Center<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sistem Sosial Indonesia Penulis \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 : Nasikun Penerbit \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 : Rajawali Press Tahun Penerbit \u00a0 :<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rana-pustaka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2706"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7201,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2706\/revisions\/7201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/populicenter.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}